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【整体评述】:
今年的四级阅读难度适中,各个板块阅读的主题也比较易于理解,比如选词填空部分的雾霾气候和污染,仔细阅读部分讨论的居住在绿化区域的城镇居民和幸福之间的关系,这些生活化的主题无疑从心理上也给我们增强了考试的信心,且仔细阅读部分较往年更简单。
选词填空部分,考察了今年名词考7个,动词考5个,形容词考2个,副词1个。大部分空格通过我们课上讲的句子结构和句子成分都能够很容易的判断出来。比如本篇考到的形容词被用来修饰名词,副词用来修饰形容词,动词用作句子的谓语,不定式后面接动词原形,分词用作状语等等。另外,今年的选词填空生僻词汇也不是很多,所以此部分只要我们能够分析出正确的句式,理解文章的意思,还是很容易得分的。 段落信息匹配部分,需要同学们能够巧妙地运用跳读,扫读,详读和略读相结合的方法,一一攻克,且注意,此题型不可用排除法,并且应该按照先易后难的原则进行解题。从四级阅读仔细阅读的文章内容和出题来看,考察的内容定位都比较清晰,题干中出现的词很多都可以从文章中找到,也不难去进行一个同义替换,小部分需要推理,整体难度适中,同学们只要按照老师讲解的正确的解题方法以及阅读方法,平时多积累单词,多进行练习,考试时遇到类似的难度,也会轻而易举的把它拿下。
现在我们就本套试卷简单地给大家做一个解析。
选词填空真题
Since the 1940s,southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 .Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze(霾).Nor is the state’s bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .
All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 ,makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 .And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.
To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.
A) assisted B)collaborating C)consequence D)consumers E)creating
F) detail G) domestic H) frequently I) inhabitants J) innovation K) intended
L) outdoor M) pollutants N) restricted O) sum
选词填空参考答案:
26. M) pollutants
27. N) restricted
28. C) consequence
29. J) innovation
30. F) detail
31. K) intended
32. L) outdoor
33. B) collaborating
34. I) inhabitants
35. E) creating
选词填空解析:
36. M) pollutants 空格处句子结构完整,且 for levels of 作为名词性短语表原因,考虑缺少一个名词, 且前文提到Los Angeles is still the worst city,故把选项中的名词依次代入,可确定M) pollutants是本题答案,意思是“污染物”。
37. N) restricted 空格所在的句子Nor is the state’s bad air to用了倒装,可判断缺少一个形容词或是done和to构成固定搭配,根据文章意思,雾霾是不局限于某一个城市的,可知N) restricted“限制于”是正确答案。
38. C) consequence 空格处所在句子结构完整,前面有个a,故缺少一个单数名词,构成as a_ 搭配,又根据句意“当地居民的心脏和肺部被影响”,所以是坏的结果,故把选项中的单数名词代入,可知,备选项C) consequence “结果”是正确答案。
39. J) innovation 空格处句子结构完整,且位于形容词 technological的后面,故缺少名词, 表达“是科技__之家”,后面提到发展测试系统,故把选项中的名词代入,可知 J) innovation创新,是正确答案。
40. F) detail 空格处句子结构完整,并构成in介词短语,可知缺少名词,并in介词短语在整个句子中充当状语,把选项中的名词代入,可知 F) detail,是正确答案,in detail详细地。
41. K) intended 根据分析句子结构可知,空格处缺少形容词或被动态,并与to 搭配,把合适选项带入,根据句意,可知K) intended为答案,因为be intended to do 表“被打算用来……”。
42. L) outdoor空格处在介词of后面,故和air pollution构成名词短语,可知缺少形容词,后一句出现 inside buildings, 与之对照,故选L) outdoor户外的。
43. B) collaborating 空格处明显为一个时态,完成进行时,故缺少doing与with构成固定搭配,将选项中的doing带入,根据句意可知,答案为B) collaborating合作。
44. I) inhabitants 根据the city’s可知缺少名词,根据谓语were可知该名词为复数,且表示人,只有 I) inhabitants居民合适,故答案为 I) inhabitants居民。
45. E) creating 空格前为介词by,故判断空格处缺少doing,先只剩下E) creating 创造,带入句意合适,故答案为E) creating。
仔细阅读真题一
Passage one
46. Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?
A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
B) They occur only among certain groups of people.
C) Not all of them are related to one’s age.
D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.
47. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?
A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.
B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.
C) Communication within our brain weakens.
D) Our whole brain starts shrinking.
48. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?
A) Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.
B) Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences.
C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.
D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends.
49. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?
A) Check the brain’s cognitive reserve. C) Turn to a professional for assistance.
B) Stop medications affecting memory. D) Exercise to improve their well-being.
50. What is Dr Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss?
A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.
B) Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain.
C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.
D) Staying active both physically and mentally.
真题一Passage one答案:
46. A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
47. C) Communication within our brain weakens.
48. A) Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.
49. A) Check the brain’s cognitive reserve.
50. D) Staying active both physically and mentally.
真题一Passage one解析:
46. 答案A
解析:题干问的是原因,根据定位词needn’t be concerned和memory slips定位到第一段第三句,其中needn’t be concerned和needn’t worry是同义替换,第四句表明原因:there are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss痴呆和因年长导致的记忆缺失有明显的区别,与A选项意思一致。其他三个选项均不符题意。
47. 答案C
解析:根据定位词become aged定位到第三段,其中the brain ages和become aged为同义替换,注意第二段没有考点不需要读。原文changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain与C选项意思一致。其他三个选项均不符题意。
48. 答案A
解析:题干问的是“人们应该严肃对待哪一种记忆相关的症状”,根据定位词take seriously定位到第五段,文中more serious与take seriously是同义替换,文中when you forget entire experience与A选项Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines是同义替换,故答案为A。
其他三个选项均不符题意。
49. 答案A
解析:根据定位词signs of serious memory loss show up定位到倒数第二段最后一句,原文brain cognitive reserve与A选项意思一致。其他三个选项均不符题意。
50. 答案D
解析:根据定位词Dr. Daffner’s advice定位到最后一段最后两句话,原文get physically active与D选项意思一致。其他三个选项均不符题意。
仔细阅读真题二
Passage one
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested, UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short –term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. “There could be a number of reasons.” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier; they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than £500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline.”
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas has a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by University of Essex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “what you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy.” He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less mm sensible decisions and communicated better.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being. Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”
46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
A) Improve their work efficiency.
B) Add to their sustained happiness.
C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
D) Lesson their concerns about material well-being.
47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
A) Earn more money.
B) Settle in an urban area.
C) Gain fame and popularity.
D) Live in a green environment.
48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
A) How it affects different people.
B) How strong its positive effect is.
C) How long its positive effect lasts.
D) How it benefits people physically.
49. What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment?
A) Their stress was more apparent than real.
B) Their decisions required less deliberation.
C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.
D) Their communication with others improved.
50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
A) Find financial support.
B) Improve urban planning.
C) Involve local residents in the effort.
D) Raise public awareness of the issue.
真题二Passage one答案:
46.B) Add to their sustained happiness.
47. A) Earn more money.
48. C) How long its positive effect lasts.
49. D) Their communication with others improved.
50. A) Find financial support.
真题二Passage one解析:
46. 答案B
解析:根据题干关键词one study和green spaces定位到第一段第一句Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested, 其中long-lasting和A选项中的sustained 是同义替换, well-being和happiness是同义替换,故选A选项,其余均不符合题意。
47. 答案A
解析:根据题干关键词Dr.White,people和make themselves happier定位到 第一段的第四句people do many things to make themselves happier; they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married,其中 pay rises是A选项中的Earn more money的同义替换。
48. 答案C
解析:题干的意思是“关于住在更加绿化的城市地区,Dr.White 想发现什么”,根据关键词find out可定位到第二段第一句:Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas has a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time,其中lasting positive effect 和C选项的How long its positive effect lasts正好吻合,故选C。
49. 答案D
解析:根据关键词reveal和people定位到第三段Explaining what the data revealed和He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less mm sensible decisions and communicated better,其中communicated better和D选项中的communication improved是同义替换,其他选项或是未提及,或是意思相反。
50. 答案A
解析:最后一题答案一般在最后一段,根据关键词government定位,会发现正好和文中的public policy officials是同义替换,分析信息句There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”,会发现这句话的中心词就是money和support,正好和A选项中的financial support是同义替换。
。
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