英语学习资料:新概念英语二册自学笔记精讲31
新东方网整理2015-07-08 10:54
课文重难点 Further notes on the text
1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。
(1)head在此处的意思不是人或动物的"头部",而是"首领"、"头目",一般出现在"the head of +名词"结构中:
John is the head of the family.约翰是一家之主。
Frank is the head of that firm.弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。
(2) as在这里为介词,表不"当……时",as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。
2.It was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……
it为"先行主语",句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。
3.He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄,于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
(1)for years表示"许多年"。
(2)of one's own为固定短语,表示"自己的"、"属于自己的",own为代词:
He wanted a room of his own.他想要一个自己的房间。
Do you have a house of your own?你有自己的房子吗?
4.in one's twenties,(在某人)二十多岁的时候。
one's twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量,与所有格形容词(my等)连用时表示大约的年龄:
My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁/四十出头,但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
5.Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了。
(1)hard意思很多,在这里指"艰难的"、"困苦的":
She lived a hard life in those years.那些年她的生活很艰难。
(2)one's early years指某人的早年(生活),意义相近的表达方式为early in one's life。
(3) the long road to success是一种比喻的说法,因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地,意义为"朝"、"往"、"向"等,这个短语的字面意义为"通向成功的漫漫长路"。
语法 Grammar in use
1.过去进行时与一般过去时
在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比,它更强调动作的持续性,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过去进行时往往用来表示背景:
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来。
Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天,我和往常一样,又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在划船。(过去进行时描述背景)
比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如:
2.used to do
我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…,but
not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟,但现在已不吸了。
He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子,但现在他很勤奋。
used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身:
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