Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
　　Not everyone experiences anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
　　Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.
　　Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
　　1、What changes can be found in an angry brain?
　　A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
　　B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
　　C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
　　D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
　　参考答案：B
　　参考译文：考查细节理解。根据文章第三段，尤其But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balances…可以判断在生气的时候，大脑的额叶前部区域发现不平衡的图案。故B正确。
　　2、The“duels”example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ___.
　　A.usually has a biological basis
　　B.varies among people
　　C.is socially and culturally shaped
　　D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation
　　参考答案：C
　　参考译文：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.可以判断“决斗”的例子证明了生气的表情是社会和文化形成的。故C正确。
　　3、What is the key message of the last paragraph?
　　A.How anger differs from other emotions.
　　B.How anger relates to other emotions.
　　C.Behavioural responses to anger.
　　D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
　　参考答案：D
　　参考译文：考查主旨要义。文章最后一段主要说明了offensive anger和defensive anger两种不同的生气形式，故其关键信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正确。
　　4、Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?
　　A.Approaching the source of anger.
　　B.Trying to control what is disliked.
　　C.Moving away from what is disliked.
　　D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
　　参考答案：A
　　参考译文：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.可知典型的攻击性的生气是主动接近令自己生气的人或处境。故A正确。
　　参考译文：
　　最严重的是，愤怒会削弱一个人清晰思考和控制自己行为的能力。愤怒的人在评价引起其愤怒的人或情况的情感意义时失去客观性。
　　不是每个人都以同样的方式经历愤怒；激怒一个人的东西可能会取笑另一个人。愤怒的具体表达也因生物和文化力量的不同而不同。在当代文化中，愤怒的身体表现通常被认为是对社会有害的，不可容忍。我们不再把决斗视为一个人对另一个人的侮辱行为的意识所导致的愤怒的适当表达。
　　愤怒可以在大脑中辨别出来，在那里电活动发生了变化。在大多数情况下，脑电图测量的电活动显示出左右前额叶区域的活动平衡。从行为上来说，这与我们大多数人大多数时候拥有的普遍的平等性格相对应。但是当我们生气的时候，左右前额区域的脑电图就不平衡了，因此，我们很可能会做出反应。我们对愤怒的行为反应不同于我们对其他情绪的反应，无论是积极的还是消极的。
　　大多数积极的情绪都与接近行为有关：我们更接近我们喜欢的人。相反，大多数消极情绪与回避行为有关：我们远离我们不喜欢或使我们焦虑的人和事物。但愤怒是这种模式的一个例外。我们越生气，越有可能朝着愤怒的目标前进。这与心理学家所说的紧张性愤怒相对应：愤怒的人为了影响和控制引起他的愤怒的人或情况而靠近。这种方法和对抗行为伴随着脑电图活动的左前额叶不对称。有趣的是，如果愤怒的人能够对引起愤怒反应的人产生同理心，这种不对称性就会减弱。相反，在防御性愤怒中，脑电图不对称指向右侧，愤怒的人面对愤怒的情况感到无助。