The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC).The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放)by 80 percent by 2050,part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important-is not enough to achieve such reductions:the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
　　The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
　　‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda,a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard,even in the best-designed eco-home.
　　Another part of the problem is information.Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits.Without specific information，it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback(反馈)facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use;some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
　　Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted一whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器),for example.
　　Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
　　1、The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”
　　A.the ways
　　B.their homes
　　C.developments
　　D.existing efforts
　　参考答案：D
　　参考译文：考查词义推测。此题考查which引导的非限定性定语从句，which指代的是先行词existing efforts现有的努力。故D正确。
　　2、As to energy use,the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
　　A.zero-carbon homes
　　B.the behaviour of building users
　　C.sustainable building design
　　D.the reduction of carbon emissions
　　参考答案：B
　　参考译文：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段首句The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC).可知根据英国能源研究中心的研究，建筑物使用者的行为也许至少和它的设计一样重要。故B正确。
　　3、The information gap in energy use _______.
　　A.can be bridged by feedback facilities
　　B.affects the study on energy monitors
　　C.brings about problems for smart meters
　　D.will be caused by building users’old habits
　　参考答案：A
　　参考译文：考查细节考查。根据文章第四段Feedback(反馈)facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use可知反馈设备能够缩短信息差距。故A正确。
　　4、What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
　　A.The social science research is to be furthered.
　　B.The education programme is under discussion.
　　C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
　　D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
　　参考答案：C
　　参考译文：考查细节考查。根据文章倒数第二段Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted可知建筑物使用者在家的行为是私人的并不可被预测的。故C正确。
　　5、What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?
　　A.The importance of changing building users,habits.
　　B.The necessity of making a careful building design.
　　C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
　　D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
　　参考答案：A
　　参考译文：考查句意推测。根据文章第三段Katy Janda的话consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.及In other words，old habits die hard,even in the best-designed eco-home.可知建造使用者改变习惯的重要性。故A正确。
　　参考译文：
　　英国能源研究中心（UKERC）的最新研究表明，建筑使用者的行为在能源使用方面可能至少与其设计一样重要。英国承诺到2050年将减少80%的碳排放量，其中一部分将在2016年实现所有新家的零碳排放。但这份报告表明，可持续建筑设计本身虽然非常重要，但还不足以实现这种削减：使用该建筑的人的行为也必须改变。
　　研究表明，人们使用和生活在家中的方式在很大程度上被现有的提高能源效率的努力所忽视，而这些努力的重点是建筑和技术的发展。
　　Ukerc高级研究员凯蒂·詹达（katy janda）解释说，“技术将起到帮助作用，但它并不能做任何事情。”建筑用户的消费模式可能会击败最仔细的设计。换句话说，即使在设计最好的生态住宅里，旧习惯也很难消逝。
　　问题的另一部分是信息。家庭和账单支付者不具备改变能源使用习惯所需的知识。没有具体的信息，很难估计做出不同选择的成本和收益。反馈设施，如智能电表和能源监测仪，可以帮助人们了解他们的行为变化如何直接影响他们的能源使用，从而帮助弥合这一信息鸿沟；一些研究表明，使用智能电表，家庭可以实现高达15%的能源节约。
　　社会科学研究又增加了一个维度，表明个人在家里的行为可以是个人的，并且无法预测——例如，人们是否打开窗户而不是关上恒温器。
　　詹达认为教育是关键。她呼吁开展一个有针对性的项目，让人们了解建筑物及其自身的行为。