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2019年全国英语等级考试三级预习模拟试题阅读理解(1)

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  如何快速提升英语水平?通过公共英语考试?大量练习英语阅读题是很好的方式,阅读集词汇、翻译、语法于一体,整体锻炼考生的英语综合能力。下面是公共英语三级阅读练习题,欢迎了解!

  There is one difference between the sexes on which virtually every expert and study agree:men are more aggressive than women.It shows up in 2-year-olds.It continues through school days and persists into adulthood.It is even constant across cultures.And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology in the male sex hormone testosterone.
  If there's a feminine trait that's the counterpart of male aggressiveness,it's what social scien-tists awkwardly refer to as"nurturance".Feminists have argued that the nurturing nature of women is not biological in origin,but rather has been drummed into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home.But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore.Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces,female toddlers learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues from others.And grown women are far more adept than men at interpreting facial expressions:A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ru-ben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger,sadness and fear.The only such e-motion men could pick up was disgust.
  What difference do such differences make in the real world?Among other things,women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men.At the Harvard Law School,for instance,female students enter with credentials just as outstanding as those of their male peers.But they don't qualify for the prestigious Law Review in proportionate numbers,a fact some school officials attribute to women's discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
  Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions,perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate masculine ways.But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one consistent difference:Men tend to be more“autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues and subordinates more often.Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences.Men will typically domi-nate the discussion,says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion,spending more time talking and less time listening.
  1.The passage mainly discusses__________.
  A.how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
  B.how hormone determines sex differences
  C.why there are differences between males and females
  D.why men and women have different social roles
  参考答案:A
  参考解析:主旨题.本文在前两段论述了男女性别的差异,在第三段第一句提出问题“这种差异在现实中有什么意义”,紧接着后面开始阐述这种差别所导致的男女在竞争及工作中的不同表现.故选A.
  2.Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
  A.It is not inborn in any sense.
  B.It is inspired by women's families.
  C.It is caused by social prejudice.
  D.It is partly biological in origin.
  参考答案:D
  参考解析:细节题.由第二段第三句“But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore.”可知,女性的这个特征有先天方面的原因.故选D.
  3.The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
  A.women are not as competitive as men
  B.law is not the fight profession for women
  C.women are as excellent as men when they are young
  D.academic credentials are disproportionate to performance
  参考答案:A
  参考解析:主旨题.该段的主旨句是第二句“…women appear to be somewhat less competitive…”,该句提出了“女性在竞争力方面不如男性”的观点,后文所举例证即是为了证明这一观点.故选A.
  4.Which of the following statement is tree according to paragraph 4?
  A.Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
  B.Female leaders'success is due to their imitating male leaders.
  C.Men and women are different in their leadership style.
  D.Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
  参考答案:C
  参考解析:判断题.由文章第四段最后一句“Men tend to more…mote often.”可知,男性比较专断而女性则喜欢和同事商量再做决定.从而看出男女在管理方式上的差异.故选C.
  5.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
  A.denies the difference sexes make in real life
  B.is prejudiced against men
  C.discourages women to be competitive
  D.treats sex difference objectively
  参考答案:D
  参考解析:推理题.作者在说男女之间差异时并无偏袒任何一方,而是通过研究结果来分析说明男女的差异,因此是客观的表达,故选D.
  参考译文
  性别之间存在的差异有一点是基本上所有专家和研究都承认的:男性的攻击力比女性强.这一点在2岁时就表现出来了,并且贯穿于学龄时期且持续到成年时期.这种区别甚至超越了文化的限制.毫无疑问.这种区别的根本在于生理——男人体内的男性激素.
  如果女性有一种和男性的攻击性相对立的特征的话,那就是社会学家指的“照顾别人”.女权主义者说女性具有照顾别人的天性从根本上来说并非源于生理因素,而是想要女性待在家里的社会所强行赋予女性的.但是太多迹象表明,女人具有“照顾别人的特征”至少有部分是天生的,此类迹象多得不容忽视.就像女婴根据人长相来认人的能力比男婴强;刚学会走路的小女孩在理解别人的非语言性暗示方面比同龄的小男孩学习得快;成年女人比成年男人更擅长理解面部表情:宾夕法尼亚大学的大脑研究家鲁本?戈尔最近所作的一项研究表明女人很容易就能从别人脸上解读出生气,悲伤和害怕之类的情感.而男人唯一可以解读的情感就是恶心.
  这种差异对现实世界有什么意义呢?在很多其他事情中,女性显得稍微比男性缺少竞争力——或者至少她们是以一种不同的方式在竞争.例如,在哈佛法学院,女生以和男生同样优异的成绩入校.但是她们有相当一部分人在权威性的《法律评论》这门课程上都不舍格,一些学校领导把这个事实归于女生不适应非常激烈的竞争环境.
  研究管理模式的学生发现管理层的男性和女性之间差异比预想的要小,或许是因为很多成功的女性都刻意模仿男性做事的方式.但是Purdue的社会心理学家艾丽丝?伊格利在研究了166名管理人员的工作方式后分析发现了一个一致的区别:男性比较专断独行——独自做决定——而女性则更多地倾向于与同事和下级商量.对一小组人的行为进行研究发现的差异更多.多伦多大学的心理学家肯尼斯?迪昂说男性典型地主导讨论,他们发言的时间很多,听别人发言的时间相对较少.

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