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初一英语语法:非延续性动词的用法特征

英语网2015-04-02 18:03

  1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

  The train has arrived. 火车到了。

  Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

  2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。如:

  (1) 他死了三年了。

  误:He has died for three years.

  正:He has been dead for three years.

  正:He died three years ago.

  正:It is three years since he died.

  正:Three years has passed since he died.

  (2) 他来这儿五天了。

  误:He has come here for five days.

  正:He has been here for five days.

  正:He came here five days ago.

  正:It is five days since he came here.

  正:Five days has passed since he came here.

  (1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

  a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

  b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

  c. 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

  d. 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

  3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如:

  He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。

  I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。

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