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高二英语语法:“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

英语网2016-04-01 15:24

  "It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:

  一、It用作实词

  表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……

  二、It用作形式主语

  替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

  It 作形式主语的常见句型:

  1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为

  (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

  此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…

  例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.

  (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

  此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.

  例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.

  (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型

  It's no good/use doing…

  It's (well)worth doing…

  It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…

  It's (well)worth while doing/ to do

  例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.

  2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型

  (1) It is + noun +从句

  例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.

  (2) It is adj. +clause

  It's surprising that… (should)………竟然……

  It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……

  例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

  (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

  It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

  /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…

  例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

  (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do

  (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

  例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)

  (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

  (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)

  例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

  (6) It is v-ed that … (should)…

  (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend

  例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.

  三、It作主语的句型

  1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事

  例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

  2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格

  例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

  3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了

  例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.

  4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了

  例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.

  5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了

  例 It's 10 years that he lived here

  6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了

  例 It was not long before they arrived.

  四、It 作形式宾语

  用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

  It 作形式宾语的常见句型:

  1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

  例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.

  2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

  例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

  3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…

  verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…

  (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

  例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

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