零基础学英语:变被动必加to的语法情境
沪江2017-03-07 14:11
我们之前学过,英文中,动词不定式分为“带to 不定式”和“不带to 不定式”。而在某些情况下,尽管是不带to的动词不定式,在其转换成被动语态时,这个to却是不得不加。而具体是哪些动词的被动语态后必须加to 呢?请听小编细细道来~
一、使役动词+宾语
在let, make, have等使役动词接宾语的结构中,通常用不带to的不定式。但当使役动词为被动态时,不带to不定式转为带to不定式。
主动:Let’s go and play basketball. 让我们去打篮球吧!
The teacher made him stay there quietly. 老师让他安静地呆在那里。
Her father had her do everything. 她爸爸让她做所有事。
被动:He was made to stay there quietly. 人家让他安静地呆在那里。
She was let to tell everything. 她被迫说出一切。
二、感官动词+宾语
在see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等感官动词接宾语的结构中,用不带to不定式。但是当以上动词为被动态时,不带to不定式转为带to不定式。
主动:I could only see him go. 我只能看着他走。
Mother watched him eat his breakfast. 妈妈看着他吃完早饭。
We felt the house shake. 我们感到房子的震动。
被动:He was seen to enter the house. 有人看到他进入这个房子。
Someone was heard to open the door by us. 我们听到有人开门。
三、have known+宾语
“have known+宾语” 后用不带to的不定式,意思是“看过、听过”,等于“have seen”或“have heard”。同样,若是被动态,也需要加to。
主动:We have never known the boy smile.我们从来不知道那个男孩会笑。
被动:That boy has never been known to smile. 没有人见过那个男孩笑。
不定式有to还是没有to?什么时候带to?什么时候不带to?什么时候既可以带to又可以不带to?这些你都get到了吗?
(编辑:何莹莹)
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