One of the most important types of words in English are nouns. Nouns are a part of speechthat indicate people, things, objects, concepts, etc. There are seven types of nouns in English. Here are the types of nouns in English with a short explanation.

　　名词是英语中最重要的词类之一。名词是指代人、事、物、概念等等的词语。英语中有七种类型的名词。下面是对这些类型的英语名词的简要解释。

　　1.Abstract Nouns

　　抽象名词

　　Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to concepts, ideas, emotions, etc.

　　抽象名词是指代概念、观点、情感等的词语。

　　Abstract nouns are nouns that you can not touch, are not made of materials, but play an important role in life. Here is a list of some common abstract nouns:

　　抽象名词指代的是那些我们触摸不到的事物，它们不是由某种材料制成的，但在生活中却起着重要作用。下面是一些常见的抽象名词的列表：

　　success

　　成功

　　depression

　　沮丧

　　love

　　爱

　　hate

　　反感

　　anger

　　愤怒

　　power

　　力量

　　importance

　　重要性

　　tolerance

　　容忍

　　Tom has had a lot of success this past year.

　　在过去的一年来，汤姆捷报频传。

　　Many people prefer to let love inspire them rather than hate.

　　比起被仇恨驱使，许多人都更情愿得到爱的鼓舞。

　　Jack has little tolerance forpeople who waste his time.

　　杰克很难容忍浪费他的时间的人。

　　The desire for power has ruined many good people.

　　许多优秀的人都是毁在对力量的渴望下。

　　2.Collective Nouns

　　集合名词

　　Collective nouns refer to groups of various types. Collective nouns are most commonly used with groups of animals. Collective nouns can be used in both the singular and plural, although collective nouns tend to be used in the singular. Here are some common collective nouns referring to groups of animals:

　　集合名词指代的是一组不同类型的事物。集合名词最常用于表示一群动物。虽然有想单数形式演变的趋势，集合名词可以是单数形式，也可以是复数形式。

　　herd

　　兽群

　　litter

　　一窝(幼崽)

　　pack

　　一群

　　swarm

　　蜂群

　　hive

　　热闹的人群

　　The herd of cattle moved to a new field to graze.

　　牛群来到新的地方吃草。

　　Be careful! There's a hive of bees near here.

　　小心!那儿有一群蜜蜂。

　　Collective nouns are also commonly used for names of institutions and groups within institutions such as academic, business and governmental organizations.

　　集合名词通常也可以用来指代体系和体系下团体的名称，例如学院、商业和政府组织。

　　department

　　部门

　　firm

　　公司

　　party

　　政党

　　staff

　　员工

　　team

　　团队

　　Staff will meet at ten thirty tomorrow morning.

　　员工们会在明天早上十点半集会。

　　The sales department met its goals last quarter.

　　上个季度，销售部达到了要求。

　　3.Common Nouns

　　普通名词

　　Common nouns refer to categories of things in general, never to specific examples something that are named. In other words, when speaking about education in general someone might refer to 'university' in a general sense.

　　普通名词指代的是常见事物的种类，而不是某个具体事物的名称。也就是说，通常我们提到教育时，一般意义上来说可能会想到“大学”。

　　I think Tom should go to university to study science.

　　我认为，汤姆应该去大学学习科学。

　　In this case, 'university' is a common noun. On the other hand, when 'university' is used as part of a name it becomes part of a proper noun (see below).

　　在这种情况下，university(大学)是一个普通名词。另一方面，当university用作某个名称的一部分时，它就属于专有名词(见下文)。

　　Meredith decided to go to the University of Oregon.

　　梅雷迪斯决定去俄勒冈大学。

　　Note that common nouns that are used as the part of a name and become proper nouns are always capitalized. Here are some common nouns that are often used as common nouns and part of names.

　　注意，普通名词用于指代名称时就成了专有名词，这时应该大写。下面是一些常见的用于事物名称的普通名词。

　　university

　　大学

　　college

　　学院

　　school

　　学校

　　institute

　　学会

　　department

　　部门

　　state

　　州

　　There are a number of states which are in financial difficulty.

　　许多州都陷入了财政危机。

　　I think you need to go to college.

　　我觉得，你需要上大学。

　　4.Concrete Nouns

　　具体名词

　　Concrete nouns refer to things that you can touch, taste, feel, see, etc. There are actual things that we interact with on a daily basis. Concrete nouns can be both countable and uncountable. Here are some typical concrete nouns:

　　具体名词时代的是你可以触摸、品尝、感觉、看到等等的事物。我们每天都可以接触到一些实实在在的物体。具体名词有可数的，也有不可数的。下面是一些典型的具体名词。

　　Countable Concrete Nouns

　　可数的具体名词

　　orange

　　橙子

　　desk

　　书桌

　　book

　　书

　　car

　　车

　　house

　　房子

　　Uncountable Concrete Nouns

　　不可数的具体名词

　　rice

　　米饭

　　water

　　水

　　pasta

　　意大利面

　　whiskey

　　威士忌