Forget that pricey tutor — kids may already be born with what they need to succeed in school.

　　忘掉那些昂贵的家教吧,孩子们可能天生就具备了在学校取得成功所需要的东西。

　　A new study published in Science of Learning found that genes predominately influence children’s academic achievement from primary school to high school.

　　发表在《学习科学》上的一项新研究发现，基因在很大程度上影响着孩子从小学到高中的学业成绩。

　　Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and King’s College London studied test scores of 6,000 twins and found that students who did well in elementary school continued to do well until their high school graduation. They found that differences in genes contributed to their success, followed by environment (25 percent) and their non-shared environment, like different educators (5 percent).

　　德克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校和伦敦国王学院的研究人员对6000名双胞胎的考试成绩进行了研究，发现在小学表现出色的学生在高中毕业都会一直表现出色。他们发现，基因的差异导致了他们的成功，其次是环境(25%)和非共享环境，比如不同的教育者(5%)。

　　“Around two-thirds of individual differences in school achievement are explained by differences in children’s DNA,” Margherita Malanchini, a psychology Ph.D. student at the The University of Texas, wrote in a press release. “But less is known about how these factors contribute to an individual’s academic success over time.”

　　德克萨斯大学心理学博士生玛格丽塔.玛兰契尼在一份新闻稿中写道:“大约三分之二的个人学业成绩差异可以用孩子们的DNA差异来解释。但随着时间的推移，这些因素是如何促进个人学业成功的，我们知之甚少。”

　　DNA doesn’t guarantee long-term success. The study found that 40 percent of the participants’ academic achievement was caused by non-genetic factors.

　　DNA不能保证长期成功。研究发现，40%的参与者的学业成绩是由非遗传因素造成的。

　　“Academic achievement is driven by a range of cognitive and noncognitive traits,” Malanchini said. “Previously, studies have linked it to personality, behavioral problems, motivation, health and many other factors that are partly heritable.

　　玛兰契尼说:“学业成绩是由一系列认知和非认知特征所驱动的。之前的研究已经将其与性格、行为问题、动机、健康以及许多其他一定程度可遗传的因素联系起来了。”