Scientists believe they have found a reliable way to transform donor blood into the universal type needed for safe, emergency blood transfusions.

　　科学家认为，他们已经找到了一种可靠的方法，将捐献者血液转化为安全的紧急输血所需的通用型血液。

　　The discovery is enzymes from gut bacteria that can efficiently turn type-A human blood into type-O.

　　他们发现了来自肠道细菌的酶，可有效地将人类的A型血转变为O型。

　　Type-O blood is special because it can be donated to anyone without the risk of a bad mismatch reaction.

　　O型血之所以特别，在于它可以被捐赠给任何人而不会导致不良的不匹配反应。

　　The researchers, from the University of British Columbia, say clinical trials of the treatment could begin soon.

　　来自不列颠哥伦比亚大学的研究人员表示，该治疗的临床试验很快就会开始。

　　The gut bug enzymes remove markers from the surface of the donor red blood cells present in type A but not in type O.

　　肠道细菌酶可以将A型血中的红细胞表面标记物去除，但该标志物在O型血中不存在。

　　Stripping them away means the recipient’s immune system will think the donor type-A blood is type-O and will not attack it for being "foreign".

　　剥离它们意味着接受血液者的免疫系统会认为捐赠者的A型血是O型，并且不会将其当作“异物”来攻击它。

　　Giving someone blood from the wrong group can be life-threatening.

　　把错误的血型捐献给别人可能会危及其生命。

　　While type-O patients can receive only type-O red cell transfusions, type-O donations are compatible with all other ABO types.

　　虽然O型患者只能接受O型红细胞血，但O型捐赠者的血液与所有其他ABO类型兼容。

　　The four main blood groups in the ABO system are: O, A, B and AB

　　ABO系统中的四个主要血型是：O，A，B和AB型

　　Which group you belong to is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents

　　您的血型取决于你从父母那里继承的基因

　　In an emergency situation, there may not be time to do a full check to get a good match, which is why having enough type-O blood to use is so important for health services.

　　在紧急情况下，医务人员可能没有时间进行全面检查以获得良好的匹配，这就是为什么使用足够的O型血液对于卫生服务是非常重要的。