While we like to think that people get ahead because of some magical combination of effort, talent, and knowing the right people, research shows that success is partly skin deep.

　　尽管我们都愿意认为人们之所以取得成功，是因为努力、天分和认识正确的人这一系列因素的综合结果，但是研究发现人们的成功部分取决于他们的外貌。

　　Studies show that you’re more likely to get hired if you look well-groomed, that good-looking people make about 12% more money than less appealing folks, and that attractive real-estate brokers bring in more money than their less attractive peers.

　　研究发现如果你看起来衣着整齐、训练有素的话，那么你被雇佣的可能性就更大;长得好看的人要比一般人多挣12%的钱;有吸引力的房地产经纪人要比其他人挣更多钱。

　　Psychologists call it the "beauty premium." Essentially, the income gap between attractive and unattractive people is comparable to the gap between genders or ethnicities.

　　心理学家称这种现象为“美貌津贴”。本质上来说，好看和不好看的人之间的收入差距和不同性别、种族的人之间的收入差距是一样的。

　　In a paper called "Why Beauty Matters," University of Michigan information scientists Markus Mobius and Tanya Rosenblat identified three reasons why.

　　在一篇名为《为什么美貌重要(Why Beauty Matters)》的论文中，密歇根大学信息科学家马库斯·莫比乌斯和谭雅·罗森布拉特指出了三大原因。

　　1. Physically attractive workers are (wrongly) considered more able by employers.

　　1、雇主(错误地)认为长得好看的员工更有能力。

　　We’re inclined to pay people more depending on how they look. In one of Mobius and Rosenblat’s experiments modeling the hiring process, would-be employers looking at photographs of would-be employees were ready to give 10.5% higher salaries to attractive people over unattractive people.

　　我们倾向于按照人们的长相来多给他们付工资。在莫比乌斯和罗森布拉特一个模仿招聘过程的试验中，“雇主”看着“应聘者”的照片，给那些长得漂亮的人开出的工资要比那些不那么漂亮的人的工资高10.5%。

　　Hiring managers carried that premium over to interactions that only happened on the phone. In other words, you only need to sound attractive to benefit from our biases toward beauty.

　　但是招聘经理表示说他们只和对方进行过电话联系，就决定多给他们工资。换句话说，只要你的声音很有吸引力就可以从人们的“外貌协会”心理获益。

　　2. Physically attractive workers are more confident, and higher confidence increases wages.

　　2、长得好看的员工更自信，自信可以增加工资。

　　We all suffer from the "halo effect" — without realizing it, we take someone’s appearance to be telling of their overall character.

　　我们都受“晕轮效应”效应的影响——在没有意识到的情况下，我们都以貌取人。

　　Experiments have shown that we consider attractive people "as more sociable, dominant, sexually warm, mentally healthy, intelligent, and socially skilled" than unattractive people.

　　实验表明，我们认为漂亮的人相比普通人“更合群、更占主导地位、更有吸引力、心理更加健康、更聪明、更具有社交技巧”。

　　3. Physically attractive workers have social skills that raise their wages when they interact with employers.

　　3、长得好看的员工在和雇主互动时有提高自己工资的社交技巧。

　　Mobius and Rosenblat’s experiments also found that attractive people had higher-rated communication skills than unattractive people.

　　莫比乌斯和罗森布拉特的实验还发现，相比于普通人，长得好看的人交流能力更强。

　　"Physical attractiveness raises social and communication skills, which in return raise an employer’s estimate of the worker’s productivity," they write.

　　他们写道：“一个人长得好看会提高他们的社交和沟通交流能力，这反过来会提高雇主对他们能力的预估。”

（编辑：何莹莹）