原因状语从句一般回答Why?形式的问题，可以由because, as 等引导：

　　He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.　他因为累了，所以睡觉比平时早。

　　As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.　既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。

　　条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导。(cf.第16课与第40课语法)让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although, though, even though, even if等引导：

　　He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.　虽然他学习很努力，他考试还是没及格。

　　Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.　(译文同上)

　　目的状语从句可由so that, in order that等连词引导：

　　I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.　我到得很早，以便能买到票。

　　结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such(a)+(形容词)+名词+that来引导：

　　She was so angry that she left immediately.　她非常生气，立刻就走了。

　　There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.　下这么大的雨，我们都出不了门了。

　　比较状语从句结构包括as+形容词/副词+as, not so/as…as，形容词/副词的比较级+than, more…than, less…than 等：

　　He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).　他回答得和他妹妹/姐姐一样快。

　　He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).　他回答得不如他妹妹/姐姐那样快。

　　He moves more slowly than his sister(does).　他行动起来比他妹妹/姐姐慢。

　　(2)分词结构的复合句

　　A 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等：

　　I got very angry speaking to them.　和他们谈话时我变得非常生气。(时间)

　　Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.

　　我觉得很累，所以睡得比平时早。(原因)　The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.

　　8点钟到的这趟列车是从伦敦来的。(代替关系从句)

　　现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前;如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后：

　　Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.　他发现门没上锁，就走进房间。(有前后)

　　Working with them, I got very angry.　同他们一起工作时我很生气。(同时)

　　分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。

　　B 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态：

　　Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.　在一次事故中被撞坏后，那辆车现已修好。

　　(3)不定式结构的复合句

　　这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：

　　To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.　要进入大学你必须通过一系列考试。

　　I borrowed some money to get a new car.　为了买辆新车，我借了些钱。

　　词汇学习 Word stusdy

　　1.sweep vt.

　　(1)扫，打扫：

　　She sweeps the floor/ the room every morning.　她每天早上扫地/打扫房间。

　　The room is swept clean.　房间被打扫干净了。

　　(2)(风)吹，刮：

　　A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.　一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来。

　　The newspaper has been swept away by the wind.　报纸被风吹走了。

　　2.smash vt., vi.

　　(1)打碎，摔碎，(使)碎裂：

　　The bed was smashed to pieces.　床摔成了碎片。

　　The man smashed a window and got into the room.　那人打碎了一扇窗，然后进了房间。

　　The cup smashed on the floor.　杯子掉在地板上摔碎了。

　　(2)重击，殴打，猛砸/撞：

　　Why didn't you smash the man with your fist?　你为什么不用拳头狠狠揍那人一顿?

　　A car smashed into the wall.　一辆车撞到了墙上。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises

　　1.关键句型练习答案

　　A to buy(1.2) ;which(1.3); Because(11.3-4); but(1.5); and(1.7); until(1.8); Although(1.8); When(1.9);that(1.10); and(1.10); After(1.11)

　　2.多项选择题答案

　　1 d 2 a 3b 4a 5b 6c

　　7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11a 12 a

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