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2019全国英语等级考试三级语法知识:现在分词用法

新东方网编辑整理2019-04-18 14:30

  ④-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:
  They stood there for half an hour,watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。
  Following the old man,the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。.
  ⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:
  A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
  Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。
  注:-ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
  ⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:
  His hair became grey with the years passing.随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。
  Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
  6)-ing分词作补语:
  ①--ing分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,look at,listen to,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语。如:
  I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
  Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
  3上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如:
  We were kept waiting for quite a long time.让我们等了好长时间。
  Jily was never heard singing that song again.人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。
  7)-ing分词的复合结构:.
  -ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing分词构成,在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格,通常在句中作主语和宾语。如:
  His coming made us very happy.他的到来使我们大家都很高。
  He was awakened by someone's knocking at the door.他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。
  难点释疑:
  1.能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词:.mind(介意),suggest(建议),enjoy(欣赏,),admit(承认),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),delay(推迟),dislike(不喜欢,厌恶),escape(逃脱),finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),miss(错过),practise(训练),risk(冒险),deny(拒绝,否认)。
  2.有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同。如:
  ①forget,remember,regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如:
  Do you remember seeing me before?你记得以前见过我吗?
  Remember to lock the door when you leave.离开时要记得锁门。
  ②动词mean,stop,try,go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。
  I try not to think about that.我尽量不去想那件事。
  Would you please try doing that again?请你再试一次好吗?
  I mean to change it for another one.我想换成另外一个。
  Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
  Having finished the exercises,we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
  After a short rest,they went on working.短暂地休息以后,他们又继续工作。
  He stopped talking when the bell rang.铃响的时候,他停止了讲话。
  While working,he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的时候,他不时地停下来和汤姆谈话。
  注意:有时人们把stop后的动词不定式理解为目的状语。
  ③动词allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语。如:.
  Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。
  We don't permit smoking here.我们这儿不允许吸烟。
  ④动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。如:
  The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned.这个房间需要打扫。
  These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.这些小孩需要细心地照料。
  ⑤动词like,hate,prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing分词;如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如:
  I like swimming,but I don't like to swim with you.我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。
  I prefer walking to school every day.我情愿每天步行去学校。
  I prefer to stay at home today.今天我情愿呆在家里。
  3.ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如:
  developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家
  a growing city=a city that is growing发展着的城市
  an ordinary-looking house=a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
  a touching story=a story that is touching一个动人的故事
  working people=people who are working劳动人民
  4.不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别:.
  在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后,既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别。用-ing分词时,表示动作正在进行;用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了。如:
  Do you hear someone knocking at the door?(Someone is knocking at the door.)有人在敲门你听见了吗?
  Do you hear someone knock at the door?(Someone knocked at the door just now.)你听见有人敲门了吗?
  5.常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词。
  contribute to(捐助、贡献),lead to(导致),look forward to(期待),take to(从事),turn to(求助于),stick to(忠于、坚持),be used to(习惯于),devote oneself to(献身于),一些固定的-ing分词短语,如generally speaking(一般来说),judging from…(根据……来判断),considering…(考虑到……),talking of…(谈到……,提到……),supposing…(假如……)等,这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语,也可当作一个插入语。
  如:
  Judging from his accent,he must come from Canada.从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大
  Considering how poor he was,we decided to let him attend the concert for free.考虑到他是多么的穷,我们决定让他免费听音乐会。


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