生活标准standard of living

购买力purchasing power; buying power

停滞stagnation 平均收益average revenue

商品commodity 商品市场commodity market

竞争性市场competitive market

消费者偏好consumer preference

折扣discount 劳动分工 division of labor

经济效率economic efficiency

规模经济economy of scale

企业家精神entrepreneurship

过度供给excess supply; over supply

支出expenditure

要素市场factor market