被动语态在大学英语四级考试中是一个重要的语法点，它用来表达动作的承受者而非执行者。以下是对四级考试中被动语态的详细解析。

一、被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是“be动词+过去分词”。根据时态的不同，be动词会有所变化，形成不同的被动语态结构。以下是一些基本的时态和对应的被动语态构成：

一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词

These computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时：will/shall be + 过去分词

Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词

The machine is being repaired in the workshop.

过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词

The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.
现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词

Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时：had been + 过去分词

The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War II.
将来完成时：will/shall have been + 过去分词

The book will have been published by the end of next month.
二、被动语态的应用
被动语态在以下情况下特别有用：

不知道或无需指明动作的执行者时：The window was broken last night.（窗户昨晚被打碎了。）

需要强调动作的承受者时：The book was written by Shakespeare.（这本书是莎士比亚写的。）
语气需要更加客观或委婉时：It is believed that the earth is round.（人们相信地球是圆的。）
三、被动语态的实例解析
以下是一些四级考试中常见的被动语态实例及其解析：

The meeting is scheduled to be held next week.（会议定于下周举行。）这里使用了将来时的被动语态。
The project has been completed by the end of this month.（该项目已在本月底前完成。）这里使用了现在完成时的被动语态。
This book was translated into French by a famous translator.（这本书是由一位著名翻译家翻译成法语的。）这里使用了过去时的被动语态，并且指出了动作的执行者。
通过以上内容，我们可以看到被动语态在英语四级考试中的重要性。掌握被动语态不仅有助于我们更准确地表达思想，还能使我们的语言更加生动和丰富。希望这些信息能帮助大家在备考英语四级时，更好地理解和应用被动语态。