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高二英语语法:-ing分词用法

英语网2016-03-31 11:16

  注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。如:

  I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。

  He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。

  What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚?

  另外,-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语。如:

  He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。

  Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.

  除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。

  On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。

  4) -ing分词作定语:

  ①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:

  reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车

  sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室

  a waiting car 一辆等待着的车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼

  the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出

  ②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如:

  Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?

  They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

  ③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:

  The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.

  歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。

  When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。

  5) -ing分词做状语:

  -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

  ①-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。如:

  While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头。

  Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。

  ②-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:

  Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。

  Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。

  ③–ing分词短语作结果状语。如:

  His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。

  She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

  她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。

  ④-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:

  They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。

  Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.

  年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。

  ⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:

  A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.

  一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。

  Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。

  注:-ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。

  ⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:

  His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。

  Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。

  6) -ing分词作补语:

  ①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语。如:

  I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.

  我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。

  Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.

  昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。

  ②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如:

  We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。

  Jily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。

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