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初中英语知识点总结:初中英语语法——动词八种时态

新东方网整理2018-07-18 14:55

  4、过去将来时

  表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到"现在";而仅限于"过去时间区域内"。由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示"过去某个时间点"的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于:

  A)宾语从句或间接引语中;B)表示过去习惯性的动作;C)表示过去情况中的"愿望"、"倾向",多用于否定句。例如:

  A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。

  She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行。

  He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。

  B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间,他每天早锻炼。

  Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。

  C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。

  They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。

  Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去。

  5、现在进行时

  主要用来描述"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作,或是"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况:

  1)"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作。例如:

  They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。

  She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。

  Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。

  2)"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着。例如:

  He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。

  How are you getting along with your new job? 你那份新工作干得怎么样?

  3)表示说话人的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于"一般现在时"所描述的情况。例如:

  He is always thinking of others , not of himself . (表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。

  She is often doing well at school. (表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。

  Are you feeling better today? (表示亲切)你今天觉得好一些吗?

  One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不满)我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。

  Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜欢) 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。

  4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐,尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿,戴 ) 等。例如:

  I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。

  An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。

  We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。

  Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗?

  6、过去进行时

  主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示"过去某个时间点"的状语。这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中:

  1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如:

  At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。

  When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。

  What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么?

  2)用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况。

  过去进行时所描述的动作是"正在进行",所以,在这种情景中用"过去进行时"可以给读者一种"动感",从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如:

  One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……

  3)(仅限少数动词)表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如:

  When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划。

  She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。

  My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。

  We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿。

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