一文搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格
互联网2019-07-02 15:15
除了以上三种主要情况,虚拟语气还有以下几种结构和用法哦。
1、 当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
eg:Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
2、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等
eg:
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
3、 有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.
他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam.
你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.
要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it.
我要是得到它了该多好啊。
4.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
二.倒装句
在英语中,主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
①谓语+主语+……
There be(的各种形式)+主语(+地点或时间状语)
例子:
There was a drop in the temperature.
温度下降了。
There are birds singing in the tree.
鸟儿在树上唱歌。
②副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
例子:
Out rushed a young lady.
一个年轻的女士冲了出来。
③过去分词或现在分词+be动词的各种形式+主语+……
例子:
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.
几本书和杂志散落在地板上。
2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
例如:
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about.
疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。
部分倒装也有以下几种常见类型:
1. 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:
例:
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。
2.以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
例:
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
只有处在本国,你才能学到“真正的英语。”
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