高考英语一轮复习——状语从句精讲+习题
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3.用作从属连词,意为“还没 / 刚刚……就”,引导时间状语从句.例如:
I had hardly opened the door when he came in.我刚一开门,他就进来了.
I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard someone call my name.我刚刚看了半个小时的书,就听到有人叫我的名字.
4.用作从属连词,意为“倘若,如果”,表示条件.例如:
He will be likely to recover when he is operated on.如果动手术,他有可能康复.
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障,就把电源关上.
5.用作从属连词,意为“既然,尽管”,表示让步.例如:
Why use metal when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料,为什么用金属呢?
They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless.尽管他们知道那件事没有希望,可是他们还在不断地努力.
6.用作并列连词,意为“在那时,届时”,表示时间.这时主句中可以用过去进行时,过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth.”结构.例如:
Last night I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.昨天晚上我正要上床睡觉时,电话铃响了.
I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.我正在厨房做饭,这时有人敲门.
He had just finished the book when supper was served.我刚刚读完这本书,这时晚饭就端上来了.
7.用作并列连词,意为“虽然、然而、可是”,表示转折.例如:
He usually walks to work when he might take a bus.虽然他可以坐公共汽车上班,但他却常常步行上班.
I had only twenty dollars when I needed thirty to buy the dictionary.
我需要 30 美元买那本字典,可是我只有 20 美元.
8.用作并列连词,意为“而、却”,表示对比.例如:
How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not?他怎能说一切都好呢?情况显然不是那样.
三 .when 用作代词.
when 作为代词常常位于介词之后,意为“那时,什么时候”.例如:
We came back on Tuesday,since when we have been working in the repair shop.我们星期二回来,从那时起就一直在修配车间工作.
Since when have you been studying Japanese?你是从何时起一直学习日语的?
另外,when 还可用作名词,前面常常用定冠词 the .the when 表示事件发生的时间,常常与 the where,the how 并列使用.例如:
He told the police the when and the how of the accident.他告诉警察事故发生的时间及发生的原委.
一、as作连词的用法
1. as...as的用法
as...as意为"和……一样",表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词。其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如:
(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如:
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。例如:
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。
几个关于as...as的常见句型:
(1)as...as possible
Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。
(2)as...as usual/before
She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
(3)as long as...
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。
(4)as far as
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。
(5)as well as
She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳:
as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌
as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易
as deep as a well像井一样深
as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻
as soft as butter像黄油一样软
2. as用作连词引导时间状语从句
The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.
3. as用作连词引导原因状语从句
as,because,since都可以表示因果关系,连接原因状语从句,含义是"因为,由于",但它们有区别:because表示的语气最强;as一般放在句首,语气较弱,较口语化;since常常用在书面语中,表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有时可译作"既然"。例如:
(1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定会成功,因为他很认真。
(2) Since you are so sure of it he”ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握,他会相信你的。
(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨,空气比较清爽。
4. as作连词引导让步状语从句
as与although (或though),however (或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句,含义是"虽然,尽管",但它们有区别:
although语气稍正式些,可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet;
as所表示的语气较强,引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序;
however引导让步状语从句时,它的后面可跟形容词或副词,也要用倒装语序。例如:
(1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他虽然年纪相当大,仍然每天慢跑。
(2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。
(3) However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。
二、as作关系代词的用法
关系代词as引导定语从句时,既可以单独使用,也可以与其他词连用,其用法要比that和which更为复杂。
1. as引导定语从句与其他词连用
①用于the same...as结构中
This is the same book as I read last week.这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。
②用于such...as结构中
I don”t like such books as he recommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。
③用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as "结构中
I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。
2. as单独引导定语从句
as单独引导定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子或短语。例如:
(1) She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了,这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)
(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.对事实视而不见--你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语)
三、as作介词的用法
as作介词,意思是"作为","以……身份"。例如:
He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。
四、as作副词的用法
to the same degree or amount; equally "相同地","同样地"。例如:
They don”t have as many airplanes.他们没有同样多的飞机。
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