初中英语语法:现在完成时(讲解+练习)
2019-10-29 10:19
2.非延续性动词:也成终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die…非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用,常用的时间状语有 two years ago, at 5 o’clock, yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning 等表示过去的时间.eg: His grandmother died 10 years ago.She finished the work at 6 o’clock.
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
(1). 转化为相应的延续性动词,用于现在完成时态eg: borrow → keepbuy → haveput on → wearget to know → knowget to sleep → sleepcatch a cold → have a cold
(2).转化为“ be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”eg: begin/start → be ongo out → be outdie → be deadopen → be openget to/ arrive in(at)/reach → be in+地点leave → be away(from)finish → be overfall ill → be illget up → be upfall asleep → be asleepjoin → be in+活动/组织go to school → be in schoolbecome → be makefriends → be friendsclose → be closedgo to bed → be in bedcome/ go → be + 相应的介词短语
下面是句子的同义句转换(将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时)
1. The old man died four years ago. (一般过去时)The old man has been dead for four years. (现在完成时,将die变为 be dead)The old man has been dead since four years ago. (现在完成时,since跟过去的时间点)
2. I borrowed the book five days ago.I have kept the book for five days.I have kept the book since five days ago.
3. He bought the bike three years ago.He has had the bike for three years.He has had the bike since three years ago.
4. She went to school two days ago.She has been in school for two days.She has been in school since two days ago.
5. My sister became a nurse one year ago.My sister has been a nurse for one year.My sister has been a nurse since one year.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
共同点:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
区别:①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等,属于现在时范围,谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系,现在情况可能已发生变化。Who opened the door? 谁开的门?(只强调过去开门这一动作,门现在可能已关上。)Who has opened the door? 谁把门开了?(强调门现在依然还开着。)
②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语,应用一般过去时。再有,过去发生的一个动作,如现在情况已经发生的变化,也应用一般过去时。特别提醒:如果这些过去时间状语前有since,表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”,应用现在完成时。He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.他前天读完了这本书。I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.我把尺子放到文具盒里了,但是我现在找不它了。My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.我的表弟从2009年起就呆在南京了。
③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用,when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。Where have you been? 你去过哪里了?The train has left.火车已经驶离了。When did the train leave?火车什么时候驶离的?
④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时,只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.自从两年前来学校,我们就互相认识了。
⑤有些时间状语,如this morning, this month, tonight等,既可以与一般过去时连用,又可以与现在完成时连用,但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时,表示与“现在”无关,时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用,则表示包括“现在”在内。I saw him this morning. 时间已不在上午了。)I have seen him this morning.(说话时间还是上午。)He lived in New York for eight years.(他现在已经不在纽约住了。)He has lived in New York for eight years.(他现在还在纽约居住。)
1. It has been a long and tiring day today.今天真是够累的。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系。
2. Where have you gone, mom?(错误)你去哪里去了,妈妈?表示终止的动词如die, go等不可用完成式表示从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态。have gone表示所提到 的人现在已不在本地,上句是错误的,不符合逻辑。
3. I mean, where have you been, mom?我意思是说你今天去哪里了?
表示终止的动词如die, go不可用完成时表示从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态。
4. I have been to the flower market. I bought a pot of flower.我去了趟花市。我买了盆花。
本句用have been表示人去过某地但现在已经回来了。不可用have gone。
5. Mom, it has been a long day for me, too.妈妈,我今天也够受的了。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系。
6. Tell me what you have done today.告诉我你今天都干了些什么?
现在完成式表示到现在为止已完成的动作。强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验。
7. I have finished all my homework.我把所有功课都做完了。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成的动作。强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验。
8. I have cleaned all the rooms.我打扫了所有的房间。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成的动作。强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验。
9. And I have eaten up all the food.然后我把所有的食物都吃光了。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成的动作。强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验。
10. You must be very very tired by now, I should say.看来你现在一定是很累了。
11. Oh, my God. What have you done!天啊,你看你都做了些什么!
现在完成时可用来表示某种感情色彩。本句表示对所做的事表示不满。
12. You have eaten this?你把这个也吃了吗?
现在完成时可用来表示某种感情色彩。本句表示一种惊讶的感情。
13. You have ruined my precious flower.你把我宝贵的花儿都毁了。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系。
14. But it has died for a couple of days.(错误)但它已经死了几天了。
表示终止的动词如die, go等不可用完成时表示从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态。
15. I mean it has been dead for a couple of days.我是说它已经死了几天了。
当现在完成时与for或since引导的表示一段时间的副词片语连用时不能用die, go等表示终止的动词如。
16. Furthermore, the flower you have mentioned is nothing but a cabbage!另外,你所说的花儿只不过是一棵白菜。
现在完成时表示到现在为止已完成的动作。强调对现在的影响、联系。
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