圣诞节是什么意思?为了纪念谁?
新东方网整理2019-12-24 09:59
欢度圣诞节的活动,虽然各个国家不完全相同,但大同小异。单从这一点看,就充分说明圣诞节确实是一个很不一般的世界性节日。
赠送圣诞卡拉开了圣诞节的序幕,早在圣诞节到来之前,人们就开始互相赠圣诞卡了。这是人们普遍采用的祝贺方式。一般习惯把圣诞贺卡邮寄给对方,对不能常见面的人或在远方的亲友更是如此。据说圣诞节赠送圣诞节,邀请了许多王族的孩子们进宫参加欢宴,请帖上印有祝贺的词句,后来,欧洲其它各国也纷纷效仿,于是逐步演变发展成祝贺圣诞和新年的节日贺卡。在我国,早在宋代元年间(1086-1093年)就有用名帖拜年的风俗。屈指算来,我国使用节日贺卡至少要比外国人早750多年。节日贺卡是由中国最先发明和使用的。
随着圣诞夜的渐渐临近,街道、商店出开始打份起来,橱窗里摆上了各种各样的圣诞礼品,五色彩灯拉成了串,耶稣诞生图成了市场上的热门货。五彩缤纷的圣诞树到处可见。人们纷纷忙着采购各种礼品和食物,其中特别值得一提的是,每个家庭在节前都要在家中布置一棵圣诞树,圣诞树一般用小松树或小柏树这类呈塔形的常青树做成。树上挂满五光十色的彩色灯泡,枝头上缀着金色和银色的闪光纸片,花花绿绿的拉花从小树上拉向四方。树上还挂着用棉花做成的雪花,各种精巧别致的小礼品点缀在树丛之中。
夜幕降临,全家人围坐在圣诞树前互赠圣诞礼品,互祝节日快乐。然后,点燃一支支圣诞蜡烛,围坐在一起,共进圣诞晚餐。这顿晚餐很像中国大年三十的团圆饭。全家人围坐在一起,频频举杯,笑语欢声,整个晚餐都沉浸在一种团圆、幸福、美满的气氛中。子夜时分,教堂响起了悠扬的钟声,教堂里开始举行隆重"子夜弥撒",庆祝耶稣降生,迎接圣诞节的到来。当孩子们困倦地上床睡觉时,还忘不了把自己的鞋袜口朝上放大壁炉旁,希望圣诞老人带来的礼物能装满自己的鞋袜。圣诞老人是基督教童话故事中的人物。传说他是一位主教的化身,是个身穿大红袍,长着白胡子白眉毛的慈祥老头。每年圣诞节,他都要从遥远的北方坐着雪橇驰来,由烟囱进入各家,分送礼物,所以孩子们在圣诞之夜都把鞋袜放在壁炉旁。有不少人家为了增节日的欢乐气氛,还真的请一位亲友装扮成圣诞老人的模样,来到家里,向孩子人祝贺节日,并把随身带来的礼物分送给大家。
过了这么多年圣诞节 你真的知道圣诞老人的来历?
THE LEGEND OF ST. NICHOLAS
圣•尼古拉斯的传说
The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey.
圣诞老人的传说可以追溯到几百年前,有一个主教叫圣•尼古拉斯,据认为他在公元280年左右出生在潘特拉(Patara),在现在土耳其的米拉附近。
Much admired for his piety and kindness, St. Nicholas became the subject of many legends. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. His feast day is celebrated on the anniversary of his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married.
由于虔诚和善良,他很受人爱戴,成为了很多传奇故事的主人公。据说他把继承的所有财产都分给了别人,到乡间各处救助穷人和病人。每年的12月6日是纪念他去世的日子,这一天在传统意义上被认为是买买买或结婚的吉日。
SINTER KLAAS COMES TO NEW YORK
SINTER KLAAS到纽约
St. Nicholas made his first inroads into American popular culture towards the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from Nick’s Dutch nickname, Sinter Klaas, a shortened form of Sint Nikolaas (Dutch for Saint Nicholas). In 1804, John Pintard, a member of the New York Historical Society, distributed woodcuts of St. Nicholas at the society’s annual meeting. The background of the engravingcontains now-familiar Santa images including stockings filled with toys and fruit hung over a fireplace.
圣•尼古拉斯最初在18世纪末进入美国主流文化,“圣诞老人”这个词是从尼古拉斯的荷兰语中的昵称Sinter Klaas转变来的,是Sint Nikolaas(荷兰语的圣•尼古拉斯)的简称。1804年,纽约历史学会的John Pintard在学会的年会上分发了圣•尼古拉斯的木雕,雕刻的背景有现在人们熟知的圣诞老人的形象,包括挂在壁炉上面的装满玩具和水果的长筒袜。
Gift-giving, mainly centered around children, has been an important part of the Christmas celebration since the early 19th century. Stores began to advertise Christmas shopping in 1820.
从19世纪早期开始,以孩子为中心的赠送礼物行为开始成为圣诞节庆祝活动的主要部分。1820年,商场开始为圣诞购物打广告。
THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS
圣诞节前夜
In 1822, Clement Clarke Moore, an Episcopal minister, wrote a long Christmas poem for his three daughters entitled “An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas.” Moore’s poem is largely responsible for our modern image of Santa Claus as a “right jolly old elf” with a portly figure and the supernatural ability to ascend a chimney with a mere nod of his head! His poem helped popularize the now-familiar image of a Santa Claus who flew from house to house on Christmas Eve–in “a miniature sleigh” led by eight flying reindeer–leaving presents for deserving children. In 1881, political cartoonist Thomas Nast drew on Moore’s poem to create the first likeness that matches our modern image of Santa Claus. His cartoon depicted Santa as a rotund, cheerful man with a full, white beard, holding a sack laden with toys for lucky children.
1822年英国圣公会牧师Clement Clarke Moore为他三个女儿写了一首圣诞长诗“An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas”,这首诗很大程度上决定了现代的圣诞老人形象——胖胖的“快乐老精灵”,微微颔首,有着攀爬烟囱的超能力!他的诗使现在熟知的圣诞老人形象家喻户晓——圣诞节前夜驾着8只会飞的驯鹿拉的小雪橇在房顶上飞来飞去,给该得到礼物的孩子们送礼物。1881年,政治漫画家Thomas Nast针对这首诗画了一幅漫画创作出了第一个和现代圣诞老人形象相似的人物。他把圣诞老人画成了一个长着白色大胡子的矮胖的快乐男人,拿着一个装满送给幸运孩子的玩具的袋子。
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