For example in India, where rota kills nearly 80,000 children a year, the government decided this year to deliver the vaccine for free to poor children. And manufacturers there are working on a more affordable vaccine that could reach even more children in the coming years.

　　举个例子，在印度，该病毒一年杀死了几乎8万儿童，政府决定在今年为贫穷的孩子发放免费疫苗。而那里的厂家致力于生产更多价格实惠的疫苗，以便让更多孩子在接下来的几年里负担的起这种疫苗接种。

　　4.A Tuberculosis Breakthrough—Finally

　　肺结核终于有了突破性进展

　　The world is way overdue for a better tuberculosis treatment.

　　全世界在更好的治疗肺结核上所做的已经远远超出预期。

　　TB is one of the world’s leading causes of death, and our existing treatments are inadequate—especially for drug resistant forms of the disease. But efforts to improve them have been stalled for decades. So it’s a big deal that earlier this year, scientists announced that a new TB treatment regimen has proven effective in early-phase research.

　　肺结核是全世界第一大致死疾病。而我们现有的治疗十分匮乏——尤其是该疾病的耐药性上。但是几十年来改进的努力一直止步不前。所以今年早些时候，科学家宣布一种新型肺结核治疗方案在早期研究方案中被证明有效，成为了大事件。

　　From here, the drug regimen goes on to a large clinical trial to confirm the results. If this new treatment regimen pans out, it could dramatically reduce the time it takes to cure drug-resistant TB and save poor countries billions of dollars in health-care costs.

　　从现在开始，用药法将继续大型临床试验区来证明这个结论。如果这种新型治疗方法成功了，它就能迅速减少治疗肺结核耐药性的时间，并且为贫穷国家的卫生保健开支省下一大笔。

　　5.Nigeria’s Fight Against Polio Helped Its Fight Against Ebola

　　尼日利亚对抗小儿麻痹症的经验帮助了其对抗埃博拉

　　A lot of the media coverage about Nigeria this year focused on two things: Ebola and terrorism.

　　很多媒体报道了今年尼日利亚专注的两件事情：埃博拉和恐怖主义。

　　Both are frightening, and they masked the fact that from a global health perspective, Nigeria actually had a pretty good year. Although it’s one of only three countries that have never been free from polio (Pakistan and Afghanistan are the other two), I don’t think it will be on that list for long.

　　但是这两件恐怖的事从全球健康的角度掩盖了一个事实：尼日利亚实际上度过了很棒的一年。虽然它是全世界仅有的三个还在遭受小儿麻痹症的国家(还有两个是巴基斯坦和阿富汗)，我认为他们很长时间不会上榜了。

　　Nigeria has reported only six cases of polio this year, compared to more than 50 last year. What’s more, the infrastructure Nigeria has built to fight polio actually made it easier for them to swiftly contain Ebola. The fact that Nigeria is now Ebola free is a great example of how doing the work to fight things like fighting polio also leaves countries better prepared to deal with outbreaks of other diseases.

　　尼日利亚今年据报道只有6例小儿麻痹症，而去年有50多个病例。而且，尼日利亚建的用于对抗小儿麻痹症的基础设施，实际上让他们对抗埃博拉的工作更容易了。尼日利亚如今不再遭受埃博拉侵袭，就是一个很好的例子：像对抗小儿麻痹症这样疾病的经验也能让国家更好的准备其他疾病暴发时的应对。

　　6.Looking Ahead

　　展望未来

　　One more thing: this January, Melinda and I will publish our annual letter. This year, we’re looking ahead to 2030. We’ll be writing about a few areas—from health to farming and banking—where life will really change, especially for people in some of the world’s poorest places.

　　还有一件事：今年1月，梅琳达和我将会出版我们每一年的信件。今年，我们展望至2030年。我们书写着尤其是世界上最贫穷地方人们的生活，在一些领域——从健康到农业到银行——生活的改变。

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（编辑：何莹莹）