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新SAT今日名人
Philip Zimbardo
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment — and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
What others say
“Professor Zimbardo deserves heartfelt thanks for disclosing and illuminating the dark, hidden corners of the human soul.” — Václav Havel, former president of the Czech Republic
新SAT必读演讲英语字幕
00:11
So today, I want us to reflect on the demise of guys. Guys are flaming out academically; they're wiping out socially with girls and sexually with women. Other than that, there's not much of a problem. So what's the data? So the data on dropping out is amazing. Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls to drop out of school. In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls. Girls outperform boys now at every level, from elementary school to graduate school. There's a 10 percent differential between getting BA's and all graduate programs, with guys falling behind girls. Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys. And as you all know, boys are five times more likely than girlsto be labeled as having attention deficit disorder -- and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
01:00
What's the evidence of wiping out? First, it's a new fear of intimacy. Intimacy means physical, emotional connection with somebody else -- and especially with somebody of the opposite sex who gives off ambiguous, contradictory, phosphorescent signals. (Laughter) And every year there's research done on self-reported shyness among college students. And we're seeing a steady increase among males. And this is two kinds. It's a social awkwardness. The old shyness was a fear of rejection. It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land. They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do, especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex. They don't know the language of face contact, the non-verbal and verbal set of rules that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,listen to somebody else.
01:51
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome, which tries to account for why guys really prefer male bonding over female mating. It turns out, from earliest childhood, boys, and then men, prefer the company of guys -- physical company. And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at, because guys have been with guys in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities, especially in the military, and then in pubs. And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers, watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers, rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom. The problem is they now prefer [the] asynchronistic Internet world to the spontaneous interaction in social relationships.
02:38
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence. I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming, excessive new access to pornography. The problem is these are arousal addictions. Drug addiction, you simply want more. Arousal addiction, you want different. Drugs, you want more of the same -- different. So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
03:00
And the problem is the industry is supplying it. Jane McGonigal told us last year that by the time a boy is 21, he's played 10,000 hours of video games, most of that in isolation. As you remember, Cindy Gallop said men don't know the difference between making love and doing porn. The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week. And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously. (Laughter)And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America -- 15 billion annually. For every 400 movies made in Hollywood, there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
03:36
So the effect, very quickly, is it's a new kind of arousal. Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal. That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes, which are analog, static, interactively passive. They're also totally out of syncin romantic relationships, which build gradually and subtly.
03:57
So what's the solution? It's not my job. I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
04:01
(Laughter)
04:04
(Applause)
04:06
But who should care? The only people who should care about this is parents of boys and girls,educators, gamers, filmmakers and women who would like a real man who they can talk to, who can dance, who can make love slowly and contribute to the evolutionary pressures to keep our species above banana slugs. No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
04:26
(Applause)
新SAT必读演讲参考翻译
00:11
今天,我希望各位能认识到 男性的衰落 男性在学术成就上正逐渐走向低谷 他们把大多时间都花在和女性社交 以及两性关系上 除此之外,没有什么大的问题 那么我们来看看数据是怎样的 退学的数据非常惊人 相比于女生 男生的退学率要高百分之30 在加拿大,每三名退学的女生就对应着五名退学的男生 现在女生在各个教育阶段都赶超了男生 从小学到研究生 相对于女性 男性在获得文科学士和其他研究生项学位上 落后百分之十 在特殊教育和后进学生教育中,三分之二的学生是男生 同时正如你们所了解的 男生被诊断为注意力缺损症的几率 是女生的五倍 因此我们才让他们服用利他林
01:00
那么这种衰落有什么迹象吗? 首先,是对亲密关系的新恐惧 亲密关系意味着和其他人身体上,感情上的 密切关系 尤其是和异性 异性散发出朦胧的,矛盾的 磷光般的信号 (笑声) 每年都有研究展开 关于在大学生中出现的羞怯问题 这一问题在男性群体中不断增长 并且可分为两种 一种是社会尴尬 羞怯是一种对拒绝的恐惧 这是一种社会尴尬,就如你是异国土地上的陌生人 他们不知道该说什么,也不知道该做什么 尤其是和异性一对一交流的时候 他们不知道如何进行面对面接触 非言语和言语的一套规则 这些规则能使你舒适的和他人谈话 倾听他人说话
01:51
我试图阐明的称作社交强度综合症 它对为什么男性重视男性间联结 超过对女性伴侣的感情做出一个合理解释 因为从童年的最初期开始 男孩,随之男人 喜欢男性的陪同 身体上的同伴 我们看到的其实是一种皮层兴奋 因为男生总是和其他男生一起 在运动队中,在社团中,在群体中,在兄弟会中 尤其是在军队里,或酒吧里 这种现象在超级杯周日赛中会达到高峰 此时男生更乐意在酒吧里和陌生人在一起 看穿的密密实实的绿湾包装工的艾伦·罗杰 而不是在卧室里一丝不挂的珍妮佛·洛佩兹 问题是现在他们喜欢 虚幻的网络世界 而不是社交关系中 真实的互动
02:38
原因是什么?其实这是一个意料之外的后果 我想是因为过量的网络使用,过量的电子游戏 过量的得到色情电影的新途径 问题是这些是兴奋成瘾 有毒瘾,你就想要更多毒品 兴奋成瘾,你想要不同的兴奋体验 毒品,你想要的是同一个东西--不同 因此你需要新奇感来持续这种兴奋
03:00
问题是有产业来满足这种需求 简·麦克格尼高去年告诉我们 当一个男生21岁的时候 他已经玩了10000小时的电子游戏 大多都是在隔离的情况下独自一人 如你所知,辛迪·盖洛普说 男人不知道 做爱和看色情电影的区别 现在的男生平均一周看50个色情视频 明显地,也有一些男生每周看100个 (笑声) 色情工业是如今美国发展最快的工业 每年盈利150亿 好莱坞每制作400部电影 就有11000个色情视频制作好了
03:36
因此这导致快速得 供给新的兴奋 男生的大脑被以全新的方式数字化重组 为了变化,新奇感,激动以及经常性的兴奋 这意味着他们完全脱离了传统的类型 传统分类是模拟的,静态的,交互被动的 他们也完全脱离了逐步巧妙构建的 浪漫的男女关系
03:57
那么解决方案是什么?这不是我的工作 我在这里是为了提醒,解决这问题是你们的工作
04:01
(笑声)
04:04
(掌声)
04:06
但谁应该顾虑?应该考虑这个问题的人 是孩子们的父母 教育者,游戏者,电影制作者 以及想遇到真正男人的女性 他们可以一起交谈,跳舞 可以舒缓的做爱 为进化的压力做出一份贡献 保持我们的种族优越于香蕉蛞蝓 无意冒犯香蕉蛞蝓饲主。谢谢
04:26
(掌声)