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导语:想读美国研究生,不知道考哪些?托福是一门语言考试,是多申请美国留学的学生都需要考的;GRE考试是申请美国研究生的入学测试,商学院需要参加的考试是GMAT,法学院需要参加的考试是LSAT。它们具体有什么区别?如何报考、如何备考?请详细阅读手册《美国研究生系列考试优等生养成120天》,点击下载。更多托福题目分享请点击进入托福听力、托福口语、托福阅读、托福写作等频道,新东方托福考试网祝您考试顺利!
首先先和大家分享两个真实的案例。在去年的一次考试中,学生A.B的写作成绩单后面
的评价都是good。但是学生A是 30分的满分成绩。而学生B则是 24分。那么今天我们
就结合ETS 的原始评分1-5分制来讲解一下,为什么明明学生A和B都是两个good,分数
上却有这么大的区别呢?
1. 独立写作部分
A.任务回应程度和文章组织结构:
首先在任务的回应程度上和文章组织上, 4 分作文的特点是:
1. address the topic and the task well though some points may not be
elaborated (不错的完成任务,即使部分观点没有展开)
2. Display progression, unity, and coherence , though it may occur redundancy,
digression, or unclear expressions (表现出统一性和推进力和凝聚力,但存在偶尔的
冗余,偏题)
下面是5分作文的评分标准:
1. Effectively addresses the task (有效的解决话题)
2. Display unity, progress and coherence ( 表现出统一性和推进力和凝聚力)
从上面的表述来看,如果从4-5 我们需要做的就是充分展开观点,并且减少文章的冗余程
度。但是充分展开和文章冗余如何去定义呢? 下面我们就通过两个官方给的范文片段来
具体阐述:
首先我们来通过官方给到的4分的文章片段来感受下这一点:
1. On the other hand, adults should consider moving out when they are sure
that they are ready for it. Being ready includes being financially, physically,
and psychologically ready. One major advantage for staying with your
parents is financially advantage. Because one gets to save money between
the residency and daily living issues.
然后我们同样来看一下5分作文的片段:
Most young adults prefer to have a separate or independent life from their
parents or families as soon as possible. This is because they have a strong urge
for freedom in doing what they desire. But in fact, many of them fail. This should
not be surprising since often they are actually not ready mentally although they
are physically ready. It is widely understood that to live independently requires a
lot of energy and is not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need
more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly. An
observation shows that many University graduated students are unemployed.
Therefore, they will not be able to support and fulfill their necessities.
这两个段落同样都是在讨论年轻人是否能够独立生活。但是对比之下我们发现,第二个
段落要比第一个段落展开更加具体,有具体的例子来进行支持,比如作者用了一个
observation 的例子来支持前面的观点,什么导致现在年轻人不能够独立生活,而且文
章逻辑紧凑可以十分有力的支持这一段的分论点。
相比之下第一个段落逻辑稍微跳跃,另外存在个别观点解释不清楚的问题,比如为什么
和父母住在一起可以帮助年轻人省钱。
B. 语言表述:
在这一点上4分和5分分别的表述是:
1. Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and
range of vocabulary , though it will probably have occasional noticeable errors
in the structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere
with meaning 表现语言的应用能力,体现语言的多样性,词汇量,虽然可能会出现偶
尔结构上,词形上或用语上的错误,这些错误并不影响理解。
2. Demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice though it may
have occasional errors
句式丰富,措辞合适,允许小的错误。
所以我们看到4分和5分之间比较关键的是一些不影响理解的小的语法错误,那什么样的
错误可以称作明显的不影响理解的小的语法和用语上的错误?
我们看到官方在4分文章评价当中给到如下错误示范:
Some argues (主谓不一致),” “living in their own (固定搭配使用错误),” “become
independence (词性错误),”诸如上面一些错误并没有影响到文章的阅读,但是如果我
们要冲到满分,大家要尽量减少此类问题的出现。