对于霍华德大学2016届的毕业生来说可是激动人心的一天，因为，现任美国总统奥巴马在他们的毕业典礼上开讲了!

　　奥巴马总统在演讲中说，无论你多不同意对方的意见，你都不应该试图让他们噤声。(So don’ttry to shut folks out, don’t try to shut them down, no matter how much you mightdisagree with them. Don’t do that -- no matter how ridiculous or offensive you mightfind the things that come out of their mouths. Let them talk. Let them talk. If youdon’t, you just make them a victim, and then they can avoid accountability. )

　　THE PRESIDENT: Thank you! Hello, Howard! (Applause.) H-U!

　　AUDIENCE: You know!

　　THE PRESIDENT: H-U!

　　AUDIENCE: You know!

　　THE PRESIDENT: (Laughter.) Thank you so much, everybody. Please, please, have a seat. Oh, Ifeel important now. Got a degree from Howard. Cicely Tyson said something nice about me. (Laughter.)

　　AUDIENCE MEMBER: I love you, President!

　　THE PRESIDENT: I love you back.

　　(无法观看的童鞋，点击这里哦!)

　　To President Frederick, the Board of Trustees, faculty and staff, fellow recipients of honorarydegrees, thank you for the honor of spending this day with you. And congratulations to the Classof 2016! (Applause.) Four years ago, back when you were just freshmen, I understand many ofyou came by my house the night I was reelected. (Laughter.) So I decided to return the favorand come by yours.

　　To the parents, the grandparents, aunts, uncles, brothers, sisters, all the family and friends whostood by this class, cheered them on, helped them get here today -- this is your day, as well. Let’sgive them a big round of applause, as well. (Applause.)

　　I’m not trying to stir up any rivalries here; I just want to see who’s in the house. We got Quad? (Applause.) Annex. (Applause.) Drew. Carver. Slow. Towers. And Meridian. (Applause.) Restin peace, Meridian. (Laughter.) Rest in peace.

　　I know you’re all excited today. You might be a little tired, as well. Some of you were up all nightmaking sure your credits were in order. (Laughter.) Some of you stayed up too late, ended up atHoChi at 2:00 a.m. (Laughter.) Got some mambo sauce on your fingers. (Laughter.)

　　But you got here. And you've all worked hard to reach this day. You’ve shuttled betweenchallenging classes and Greek life. You've led clubs, played an instrument or a sport. Youvolunteered, you interned. You held down one, two, maybe three jobs. You've made lifelongfriends and discovered exactly what you’re made of. The “Howard Hustle” has strengthened yoursense of purpose and ambition.

　　Which means you're part of a long line of Howard graduates. Some are on this stage today. Some are in the audience. That spirit of achievement and special responsibility has defined thiscampus ever since the Freedman’s Bureau established Howard just four years after theEmancipation Proclamation; just two years after the Civil War came to an end. They created thisuniversity with a vision -- a vision of uplift; a vision for an America where our fates would bedetermined not by our race, gender, religion or creed, but where we would be free -- in everysense -- to pursue our individual and collective dreams.

　　It is that spirit that's made Howard a centerpiece of African-American intellectual life and a centralpart of our larger American story. This institution has been the home of many firsts: The firstblack Nobel Peace Prize winner. The first black Supreme Court justice. But its mission has been toensure those firsts were not the last. Countless scholars, professionals, artists, and leaders fromevery field received their training here. The generations of men and women who walked throughthis yard helped reform our government, cure disease, grow a black middle class, advance civilrights, shape our culture. The seeds of change -- for all Americans -- were sown here. And that’swhat I want to talk about today.

　　As I was preparing these remarks, I realized that when I was first elected President, most of you --the Class of 2016 -- were just starting high school. Today, you’re graduating college. I used tojoke about being old. Now I realize I'm old. (Laughter.) It's not a joke anymore. (Laughter.)

　　But seeing all of you here gives me some perspective. It makes me reflect on the changes thatI’ve seen over my own lifetime. So let me begin with what may sound like a controversialstatement -- a hot take.

　　Given the current state of our political rhetoric and debate, let me say something that may becontroversial, and that is this: America is a better place today than it was when I graduated fromcollege. (Applause.) Let me repeat: America is by almost every measure better than it was whenI graduated from college. It also happens to be better off than when I took office -- (laughter) --but that's a longer story. (Applause.) That's a different discussion for another speech.

　　But think about it. I graduated in 1983. New York City, America’s largest city, where I lived at thetime, had endured a decade marked by crime and deterioration and near bankruptcy. And manycities were in similar shape. Our nation had gone through years of economic stagnation, thestranglehold of foreign oil, a recession where unemployment nearly scraped 11 percent. The autoindustry was getting its clock cleaned by foreign competition. And don’t even get me started onthe clothes and the hairstyles. I've tried to eliminate all photos of me from this period. I thoughtI looked good. (Laughter.) I was wrong.

　　Since that year -- since the year I graduated -- the poverty rate is down. Americans with collegedegrees, that rate is up. Crime rates are down. America’s cities have undergone a renaissance. There are more women in the workforce. They’re earning more money. We’ve cut teenpregnancy in half. We've slashed the African American dropout rate by almost 60 percent, and allof you have a computer in your pocket that gives you the world at the touch of a button. In1983, I was part of fewer than 10 percent of African Americans who graduated with a bachelor’sdegree. Today, you’re part of the more than 20 percent who will. And more than half of blackssay we’re better off than our parents were at our age -- and that our kids will be better off, too.

　　So America is better. And the world is better, too. A wall came down in Berlin. An Iron Curtainwas torn asunder. The obscenity of apartheid came to an end. A young generation in Belfast andLondon have grown up without ever having to think about IRA bombings. In just the past 16years, we’ve come from a world without marriage equality to one where it’s a reality in nearly twodozen countries. Around the world, more people live in democracies. We’ve lifted more than 1billion people from extreme poverty. We’ve cut the child mortality rate worldwide by more thanhalf.

　　America is better. The world is better. And stay with me now -- race relations are better since Igraduated. That’s the truth. No, my election did not create a post-racial society. I don’t knowwho was propagating that notion. That was not mine. But the election itself -- and thesubsequent one -- because the first one, folks might have made a mistake. (Laughter.) Thesecond one, they knew what they were getting. The election itself was just one indicator of howattitudes had changed.

　　In my inaugural address, I remarked that just 60 years earlier, my father might not have beenserved in a D.C. restaurant -- at least not certain of them. There were no black CEOs of Fortune500 companies. Very few black judges. Shoot, as Larry Wilmore pointed out last week, a lot offolks didn’t even think blacks had the tools to be a quarterback. Today, former Bull MichaelJordan isn’t just the greatest basketball player of all time -- he owns the team. (Laughter.) WhenI was graduating, the main black hero on TV was Mr. T. (Laughter.) Rap and hip hop werecounterculture, underground. Now, Shonda Rhimes owns Thursday night, and Beyoncé runs theworld. (Laughter.) We’re no longer only entertainers, we're producers, studio executives. Nolonger small business owners -- we're CEOs, we’re mayors, representatives, Presidents of theUnited States. (Applause.)

　　I am not saying gaps do not persist. Obviously, they do. Racism persists. Inequality persists. Don’t worry -- I’m going to get to that. But I wanted to start, Class of 2016, by opening youreyes to the moment that you are in. If you had to choose one moment in history in which youcould be born, and you didn’t know ahead of time who you were going to be -- what nationality,what gender, what race, whether you’d be rich or poor, gay or straight, what faith you'd be borninto -- you wouldn’t choose 100 years ago. You wouldn’t choose the fifties, or the sixties, or theseventies. You’d choose right now. If you had to choose a time to be, in the words of LorraineHansberry, “young, gifted, and black” in America, you would choose right now. (Applause.)

　　I tell you all this because it's important to note progress. Because to deny how far we’ve comewould do a disservice to the cause of justice, to the legions of foot soldiers; to not only theincredibly accomplished individuals who have already been mentioned, but your mothers and yourdads, and grandparents and great grandparents, who marched and toiled and suffered andovercame to make this day possible. I tell you this not to lull you into complacency, but to spuryou into action -- because there’s still so much more work to do, so many more miles to travel. And America needs you to gladly, happily take up that work. You all have some work to do. Soenjoy the party, because you're going to be busy. (Laughter.)

　　Yes, our economy has recovered from crisis stronger than almost any other in the world. Butthere are folks of all races who are still hurting -- who still can’t find work that pays enough tokeep the lights on, who still can’t save for retirement. We’ve still got a big racial gap in economicopportunity. The overall unemployment rate is 5 percent, but the black unemployment rate isalmost nine. We’ve still got an achievement gap when black boys and girls graduate high schooland college at lower rates than white boys and white girls. Harriet Tubman may be going on thetwenty, but we’ve still got a gender gap when a black woman working full-time still earns just 66percent of what a white man gets paid. (Applause.)

　　We’ve got a justice gap when too many black boys and girls pass through a pipeline fromunderfunded schools to overcrowded jails. This is one area where things have gotten worse. When I was in college, about half a million people in America were behind bars. Today, there areabout 2.2 million. Black men are about six times likelier to be in prison right now than whitemen.

　　Around the world, we’ve still got challenges to solve that threaten everybody in the 21st century -- old scourges like disease and conflict, but also new challenges, from terrorism and climatechange.

　　So make no mistake, Class of 2016 -- you’ve got plenty of work to do. But as complicated andsometimes intractable as these challenges may seem, the truth is that your generation is betterpositioned than any before you to meet those challenges, to flip the script.

　　Now, how you do that, how you meet these challenges, how you bring about change willultimately be up to you. My generation, like all generations, is too confined by our ownexperience, too invested in our own biases, too stuck in our ways to provide much of the newthinking that will be required. But us old-heads have learned a few things that might be useful inyour journey. So with the rest of my time, I’d like to offer some suggestions for how youngleaders like you can fulfill your destiny and shape our collective future -- bend it in the direction ofjustice and equality and freedom.

　　First of all -- and this should not be a problem for this group -- be confident in your heritage. (Applause.) Be confident in your blackness. One of the great changes that’s occurred in ourcountry since I was your age is the realization there's no one way to be black. Take it fromsomebody who’s seen both sides of debate about whether I'm black enough. (Laughter.) In thepast couple months, I’ve had lunch with the Queen of England and hosted Kendrick Lamar in theOval Office. There’s no straitjacket, there's no constraints, there's no litmus test for authenticity.

　　Look at Howard. One thing most folks don’t know about Howard is how diverse it is. When youarrived here, some of you were like, oh, they've got black people in Iowa? (Laughter.) But it’strue -- this class comes from big cities and rural communities, and some of you crossed oceans tostudy here. You shatter stereotypes. Some of you come from a long line of Bison. Some of youare the first in your family to graduate from college. (Applause.) You all talk different, you alldress different. You’re Lakers fans, Celtics fans, maybe even some hockey fans. (Laughter.)

　　And because of those who've come before you, you have models to follow. You can work for acompany, or start your own. You can go into politics, or run an organization that holds politiciansaccountable. You can write a book that wins the National Book Award, or you can write the newrun of “Black Panther.” Or, like one of your alumni, Ta-Nehisi Coates, you can go ahead and justdo both. You can create your own style, set your own standard of beauty, embrace your ownsexuality. Think about an icon we just lost -- Prince. He blew up categories. People didn’t knowwhat Prince was doing. (Laughter.) And folks loved him for it.

　　You need to have the same confidence. Or as my daughters tell me all the time, “You be you,Daddy.” (Laughter.) Sometimes Sasha puts a variation on it -- "You do you, Daddy." (Laughter.) And because you’re a black person doing whatever it is that you're doing, that makes it a blackthing. Feel confident.

　　Second, even as we each embrace our own beautiful, unique, and valid versions of our blackness,remember the tie that does bind us as African Americans -- and that is our particular awareness ofinjustice and unfairness and struggle. That means we cannot sleepwalk through life. We cannotbe ignorant of history. (Applause.) We can’t meet the world with a sense of entitlement. Wecan’t walk by a homeless man without asking why a society as wealthy as ours allows that state ofaffairs to occur. We can’t just lock up a low-level dealer without asking why this boy, barely outof childhood, felt he had no other options. We have cousins and uncles and brothers and sisterswho we remember were just as smart and just as talented as we were, but somehow got grounddown by structures that are unfair and unjust.

　　And that means we have to not only question the world as it is, and stand up for those AfricanAmericans who haven’t been so lucky -- because, yes, you've worked hard, but you've also beenlucky. That's a pet peeve of mine: People who have been successful and don’t realize they'vebeen lucky. That God may have blessed them; it wasn’t nothing you did. So don’t have anattitude. But we must expand our moral imaginations to understand and empathize with allpeople who are struggling, not just black folks who are struggling -- the refugee, the immigrant,the rural poor, the transgender person, and yes, the middle-aged white guy who you may thinkhas all the advantages, but over the last several decades has seen his world upended by economicand cultural and technological change, and feels powerless to stop it. You got to get in his head,too.

　　Number three: You have to go through life with more than just passion for change; you need astrategy. I'll repeat that. I want you to have passion, but you have to have a strategy. Not justawareness, but action. Not just hashtags, but votes.

　　You see, change requires more than righteous anger. It requires a program, and it requiresorganizing. At the 1964 Democratic Convention, Fannie Lou Hamer -- all five-feet-four-inches tall -- gave a fiery speech on the national stage. But then she went back home to Mississippi andorganized cotton pickers. And she didn't have the tools and technology where you can whip up amovement in minutes. She had to go door to door. And I’m so proud of the new guard of blackcivil rights leaders who understand this. It’s thanks in large part to the activism of young peoplelike many of you, from Black Twitter to Black Lives Matter, that America’s eyes have been opened -- white, black, Democrat, Republican -- to the real problems, for example, in our criminal justicesystem.

　　But to bring about structural change, lasting change, awareness is not enough. It requireschanges in law, changes in custom. If you care about mass incarceration, let me ask you: Howare you pressuring members of Congress to pass the criminal justice reform bill now pendingbefore them? (Applause.) If you care about better policing, do you know who your districtattorney is? Do you know who your state’s attorney general is? Do you know the difference? Doyou know who appoints the police chief and who writes the police training manual? Find out whothey are, what their responsibilities are. Mobilize the community, present them with a plan, workwith them to bring about change, hold them accountable if they do not deliver. Passion is vital,but you've got to have a strategy.

　　And your plan better include voting -- not just some of the time, but all the time. (Applause.) Itis absolutely true that 50 years after the Voting Rights Act, there are still too many barriers in thiscountry to vote. There are too many people trying to erect new barriers to voting. This is theonly advanced democracy on Earth that goes out of its way to make it difficult for people to vote. And there's a reason for that. There's a legacy to that.

　　But let me say this: Even if we dismantled every barrier to voting, that alone would not changethe fact that America has some of the lowest voting rates in the free world. In 2014, only 36percent of Americans turned out to vote in the midterms -- the secondlowest participation rate onrecord. Youth turnout -- that would be you -- was less than 20 percent. Less than 20 percent. Four out of five did not vote. In 2012, nearly two in three African Americans turned out. Andthen, in 2014, only two in five turned out. You don’t think that made a difference in terms of theCongress I've got to deal with? And then people are wondering, well, how come Obama hasn’tgotten this done? How come he didn’t get that done? You don’t think that made a difference? What would have happened if you had turned out at 50, 60, 70 percent, all across this country? People try to make this political thing really complicated. Like, what kind of reforms do we need? And how do we need to do that? You know what, just vote. It's math. If you have more votesthan the other guy, you get to do what you want. (Laughter.) It's not that complicated.

　　And you don’t have excuses. You don’t have to guess the number of jellybeans in a jar orbubbles on a bar of soap to register to vote. You don’t have to risk your life to cast a ballot. Other people already did that for you. (Applause.) Your grandparents, your great grandparentsmight be here today if they were working on it. What's your excuse? When we don’t vote, wegive away our power, disenfranchise ourselves -- right when we need to use the power that wehave; right when we need your power to stop others from taking away the vote and rights ofthose more vulnerable than you are -- the elderly and the poor, the formerly incarcerated trying toearn their second chance.

　　So you got to vote all the time, not just when it’s cool, not just when it's time to elect a President,not just when you’re inspired. It's your duty. When it’s time to elect a member of Congress or acity councilman, or a school board member, or a sheriff. That’s how we change our politics -- byelecting people at every level who are representative of and accountable to us. It is not thatcomplicated. Don’t make it complicated.

　　And finally, change requires more than just speaking out -- it requires listening, as well. Inparticular, it requires listening to those with whom you disagree, and being prepared tocompromise. When I was a state senator, I helped pass Illinois’s first racial profiling law, and oneof the first laws in the nation requiring the videotaping of confessions in capital cases. And wewere successful because, early on, I engaged law enforcement. I didn’t say to them, oh, you guysare so racist, you need to do something. I understood, as many of you do, that theoverwhelming majority of police officers are good, and honest, and courageous, and fair, and lovethe communities they serve.

　　And we knew there were some bad apples, and that even the good cops with the best ofintentions -- including, by the way, African American police officers -- might have unconsciousbiases, as we all do. So we engaged and we listened, and we kept working until we builtconsensus. And because we took the time to listen, we crafted legislation that was good for thepolice -- because it improved the trust and cooperation of the community -- and it was good forthe communities, who were less likely to be treated unfairly. And I can say this unequivocally: Without at least the acceptance of the police organizations in Illinois, I could never have gottenthose bills passed. Very simple. They would have blocked them.

　　The point is, you need allies in a democracy. That's just the way it is. It can be frustrating and itcan be slow. But history teaches us that the alternative to democracy is always worse. That's notjust true in this country. It’s not a black or white thing. Go to any country where the give andtake of democracy has been repealed by one-party rule, and I will show you a country that doesnot work.

　　And democracy requires compromise, even when you are 100 percent right. This is hard toexplain sometimes. You can be completely right, and you still are going to have to engage folkswho disagree with you. If you think that the only way forward is to be as uncompromising aspossible, you will feel good about yourself, you will enjoy a certain moral purity, but you’re notgoing to get what you want. And if you don’t get what you want long enough, you will eventuallythink the whole system is rigged. And that will lead to more cynicism, and less participation, and adownward spiral of more injustice and more anger and more despair. And that's never been thesource of our progress. That's how we cheat ourselves of progress.

　　We remember Dr. King’s soaring oratory, the power of his letter from a Birmingham jail, themarches he led. But he also sat down with President Johnson in the Oval Office to try and get aCivil Rights Act and a Voting Rights Act passed. And those two seminal bills were not perfect --just like the Emancipation Proclamation was a war document as much as it was some clarion callfor freedom. Those mileposts of our progress were not perfect. They did not make up forcenturies of slavery or Jim Crow or eliminate racism or provide for 40 acres and a mule. But theymade things better. And you know what, I will take better every time. I always tell my staff --better is good, because you consolidate your gains and then you move on to the next fight from astronger position.

　　Brittany Packnett, a member of the Black Lives Matter movement and Campaign Zero, one of theFerguson protest organizers, she joined our Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Some of herfellow activists questioned whether she should participate. She rolled up her sleeves and sat atthe same table with big city police chiefs and prosecutors. And because she did, she ended upshaping many of the recommendations of that task force. And those recommendations are nowbeing adopted across the country -- changes that many of the protesters called for. If youngactivists like Brittany had refused to participate out of some sense of ideological purity, then thosegreat ideas would have just remained ideas. But she did participate. And that’s how changehappens.

　　America is big and it is boisterous and it is more diverse than ever. The president told me thatwe've got a significant Nepalese contingent here at Howard. I would not have guessed that. Right on. But it just tells you how interconnected we're becoming. And with so many folks fromso many places, converging, we are not always going to agree with each other.

　　Another Howard alum, Zora Neale Hurston, once said -- this is a good quote here: “Nothing thatGod ever made is the same thing to more than one person.” Think about that. That’s why ourdemocracy gives us a process designed for us to settle our disputes with argument and ideas andvotes instead of violence and simple majority rule.

　　So don’t try to shut folks out, don’t try to shut them down, no matter how much you mightdisagree with them. There's been a trend around the country of trying to get colleges to disinvitespeakers with a different point of view, or disrupt a politician’s rally. Don’t do that -- no matterhow ridiculous or offensive you might find the things that come out of their mouths. Because asmy grandmother used to tell me, every time a fool speaks, they are just advertising their ownignorance. Let them talk. Let them talk. If you don’t, you just make them a victim, and thenthey can avoid accountability.

　　That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t challenge them. Have the confidence to challenge them, theconfidence in the rightness of your position. There will be times when you shouldn’t compromiseyour core values, your integrity, and you will have the responsibility to speak up in the face ofinjustice. But listen. Engage. If the other side has a point, learn from them. If they’re wrong,rebut them. Teach them. Beat them on the battlefield of ideas. And you might as well startpracticing now, because one thing I can guarantee you -- you will have to deal with ignorance,hatred, racism, foolishness, trifling folks. (Laughter.) I promise you, you will have to deal with allthat at every stage of your life. That may not seem fair, but life has never been completely fair. Nobody promised you a crystal stair. And if you want to make life fair, then you've got to startwith the world as it is.

　　So that’s my advice. That’s how you change things. Change isn’t something that happens everyfour years or eight years; change is not placing your faith in any particular politician and then justputting your feet up and saying, okay, go. Change is the effort of committed citizens who hitchtheir wagons to something bigger than themselves and fight for it every single day.

　　That’s what Thurgood Marshall understood -- a man who once walked this year, graduated fromHoward Law; went home to Baltimore, started his own law practice. He and his mentor, CharlesHamilton Houston, rolled up their sleeves and they set out to overturn segregation. They workedthrough the NAACP. Filed dozens of lawsuits, fought dozens of cases. And after nearly 20 years ofeffort -- 20 years -- Thurgood Marshall ultimately succeeded in bringing his righteous cause beforethe Supreme Court, and securing the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that separate couldnever be equal. (Applause.) Twenty years.

　　Marshall, Houston -- they knew it would not be easy. They knew it would not be quick. Theyknew all sorts of obstacles would stand in their way. They knew that even if they won, that wouldjust be the beginning of a longer march to equality. But they had discipline. They hadpersistence. They had faith -- and a sense of humor. And they made life better for all Americans.

　　And I know you graduates share those qualities. I know it because I've learned about some of theyoung people graduating here today. There's a young woman named Ciearra Jefferson, who’sgraduating with you. And I'm just going to use her as an example. I hope you don’t mind,Ciearra. Ciearra grew up in Detroit and was raised by a poor single mom who worked seven daysa week in an auto plant. And for a time, her family found themselves without a place to call home. They bounced around between friends and family who might take them in. By her senior year,Ciearra was up at 5:00 am every day, juggling homework, extracurricular activities, volunteering,all while taking care of her little sister. But she knew that education was her ticket to a better life. So she never gave up. Pushed herself to excel. This daughter of a single mom who works on theassembly line turned down a full scholarship to Harvard to come to Howard. (Applause.)

　　And today, like many of you, Ciearra is the first in her family to graduate from college. And then,she says, she’s going to go back to her hometown, just like Thurgood Marshall did, to make sureall the working folks she grew up with have access to the health care they need and deserve. Asshe puts it, she’s going to be a “change agent.” She’s going to reach back and help folks like hersucceed.

　　And people like Ciearra are why I remain optimistic about America. (Applause.) Young people likeyou are why I never give in to despair.

　　James Baldwin once wrote, “Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can bechanged until it is faced.”

　　Graduates, each of us is only here because someone else faced down challenges for us. We areonly who we are because someone else struggled and sacrificed for us. That's not just ThurgoodMarshall’s story, or Ciearra’s story, or my story, or your story -- that is the story of America. Astory whispered by slaves in the cotton fields, the song of marchers in Selma, the dream of a Kingin the shadow of Lincoln. The prayer of immigrants who set out for a new world. The roar ofwomen demanding the vote. The rallying cry of workers who built America. And the GIs who bledoverseas for our freedom.

　　Now it’s your turn. And the good news is, you’re ready. And when your journey seems too hard,and when you run into a chorus of cynics who tell you that you’re being foolish to keep believingor that you can’t do something, or that you should just give up, or you should just settle -- youmight say to yourself a little phrase that I’ve found handy these last eight years: Yes, we can.

　　Congratulations, Class of 2016! (Applause.) Good luck! God bless you. God bless the UnitedStates of America. I'm proud of you.

（编辑：何莹莹）