On this last point, China’s increased focus on the long-term success of BRI projects, and the announcement today by Finance Minister Liu of a BRI debt sustainability framework, are very welcome steps in the right direction.关于最后一点，中国更加关注“一带一路倡议”项目的长期成功，财政部刘部长今天宣布的“一带一路”倡议债务可持续性框架正是朝着正确的方向迈出了令人欢迎的一步。

　　So too is the work that is now beginning to ensure that investment in BRI projects is green, low-carbon and climate resilient. This will lead to increased environmental sustainability.同样令人欢迎的是，当前的工作开始确保“一带一路”倡议项目的投资环保、低碳并具有抵御气候变化的能力。这将有助于增强环境的可持续性。

　　2. Increased Financial Inclusion2. 改善金融包容性

　　We also need increased financial inclusion — my second channel for a more effective BRI.我们还需要改善金融包容性，这是我认为提升“一带一路”倡议有效性的第二个渠道。

　　A few numbers: close to half of the adult popu­lation in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution.这里列举几个数字：亚太地区中低收入经济体近一半的成年人口没有银行账户。 曾向金融机构借款的人口比重不到10%。

　　And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.然而我们知道，各国若要在21世纪繁荣发展，弥合金融缺口是一项“必须完成的经济任务”。国际货币基金组织的分析表明，如果亚洲金融包容性最弱的国家将金融缺口缩窄至泰国(一个新兴市场经济体)的水平， 这些国家的贫困率能降低近4%。

　　How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011。如何实现这一目标?一方面，制定能使更多妇女和农村 居民获得金融服务的政策。在发展中国家，妇女面临的金融性别缺口约为9%，且自2011年来基本保持不变。

　　There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role.这个问题没有根治的良方，但我们知道金融科技能发挥催化作用。

　　In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.例如，柬埔寨通过强有力的公私合作关系支持移动金融发展，自2011年来微型金融机构的数量增加了两倍。目前，这些机构已向200多万个新借款者提供贷款，占成年人口的比重接近20%，这些公民很多从未开立银行账户。现在，他们可以通过储蓄规划未来，甚至也许可以自行创业。

　　These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other.这些理念适用于所有国家，但这些国家必须有意愿开展合作并相互学习。

　　That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.这就是国际货币基金组织和世界银行去年 10 月启动 “巴厘岛金融科技议程” 的主要原因之一。该议程阐述的核心原则——从发展金融市场到维护金融诚信——能帮助所有国家，因为其旨在改善金融包容性。

　　It is a model for international collaboration, much like this forum.这是国际合作的典范，很像“一带一路”论坛所实践的。

　　Conclusion结论

　　Let me conclude.在此，我做一个总结。

　　I began with a Chinese proverb. In the spirit of global connections, I will close with a western poet. The English poet John Donne, who wrote about the Silk Road, was right when he said, “No man (or woman!) is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.” 我在开头引用了一句中国谚语。本着全球互联的精神，我想以一首西方诗歌来结尾。英国诗人约翰 • 邓恩这样描绘丝绸之路，“没有人能如岛屿，独立于世;每个人，都是大陆的一部分” [4]，他说的一点都没错。

　　Just like our history, our modern financial landscape reveals the enormous potential of better connections between nations and between financial institutions across borders. These financial connections can lead to new construction, new jobs, new opportunities, and, ultimately, the ability to achieve economic security.正如我们的历史，现代金融格局表明，强化各国之间、跨国金融机构之间的联系有着巨大的潜力。这些金融联系能够带来新的建筑项目、新增就业、新的机会，并最终赋予各国实现经济安全的能力。

　　If we find ways to harness the potential, we can build more prosperous, inclusive economies that benefit all.只要我们设法充分利用这种潜力，就能构建更加繁荣、更具包容性且惠及所有人的经济体系。

　　Thank you very much. Xièxiè.非常感谢! Xièxiè.