高考英语一轮复习:高中英语语法知识点总结——代词
互联网2019-07-19 15:37
第3讲 不定代词(一)
all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, very 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词
在指代时,one可以替换为:a+名词, 而it指特定的某一个,相当于the+名词。在the one和the ones中,one指代前面提到的可数名词。
① 从数量上:each用于两个或两个以上的人或物, 而every用于三个或三个以上的人或物。也就是说,只有两个时,必须用each, 三个及三个以上时,用each和every都行。Each/Every student has a computer.
② 从意义上:each侧重于个体,强调“每一个”, 而every侧重于整体,强调 “全部”。Each student has a computer. 每个学生都有台电脑。Every student has a computer. 所有的学生都有电脑。
③ 从词性上:every只能作形容词,而each可作代词、形容词和副词。Each boy has eaten one apple. (each为形容词)Each of them has eaten one apple. (each为代词)They each have eaten one apple. (each为代词,作同位语)They have eaten one apple each. (each为副词)
改错:
①There are many tall trees on every side of the road.②Every of the students in our class has a dictionary.
改为:
①把every改为each, 因为路只有两条边,而every用于三者及三者以上。②把Every 改为Each,或在Every后加one。
any, either表示“任何一个”时的区别
① any表示“任何”的意思, 用于三者及三者以上。Any child can do that.(定语)You may take any of them.(宾语)
② either是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词。如:Here are two pens. You may take either of them. (宾语)
③ each指两者时可与either互换。如:There are many trees on either/each side of the road.
neither,both与 all,none(both与all表示部分否定)
① both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
② all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Not all the ants go out for food.(or: All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
③ 另外,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以作形容词,修饰或代替单数可数名词,它所修饰的名词用单数形式,后面的谓语也用单数形式。如Neitherboy knowsFrench.
another, other, others, the other, the others,the rest的区别
① “the other +名词复数” (或用the others) 表示“其余的全部……”;“other + 复数名词(或用others)”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”(并不有意强调全部)。如:Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow.Some are singing, and others are dancing.(others泛指其余的,指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用the others则指剩余的全部,表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。)some…, some…, some…, others…,意为“一些……一些……一些”。
② the other 强调剩下的这一个,此时只有一个;常出现在one…the other中, 用于两者之间。如:He got two books; one is a textbook, the other is a novel.也可用于其他表示“只剩下这一个”的情况。如:There were three boys in the classroom. One is Tom, another is John, and the other is Ken.another修饰或代替单数可数名词,用于“三个或三个以上”,指代剩下的两个或两个以上中的一个。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语,外衣总数为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外,剩下的起码有两件;如果只剩一件的话,就要用the other。)one … another/a second… a third…the other…常用于列举,意为“一个……一个……一个……一个,剩下的那一个”,用于三者或三者以上的排列。
③ another还可表示“再,又”。(参看:P. 32 many more + 名词,much more + 名词,与another)
④ the rest既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词, 而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数 名词。
⑤ else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如:Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗?Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?
⑥ each other, one another(相互)。按传统语法,each other 指两者;而 one another 指三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中,两者常可互换。如:You should help each other (one another). 你们应该互相帮助。We know each other’s (one another’s) weak points. 我们都彼此了解对方的缺点。
⑦ one after another(一个接一个), 如:I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill—he was eating one ice-cream after another!
⑧ “any other +单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
one way or another “以某种方式”;“无论如何”。Everyone at the party was related (in) one way or another. These bills have to be paid one way or another.
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