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很多学校的申请截止日期接踵而来，所以最近老师的学生大部分都是总是多次考试没有考出理想成绩处于异常慌乱中的同学。通过分析这些学生的问题发现存在一个共性的点，他们会忽略GMAT语法题目中至关重要的两个方面 “分析句子结构” 和 “理解句子意思”，而且这两个问题与基础好坏的是没有关系的，希望还在紧张备考的同学可以通过老师下面的讲解来检测一下自己是否也存在这样的问题。
首先我们简单回顾一下GMAT语法的做题方法：
读句意→找主干→对比选项找差异→排除错误选项→选择逻辑最优
首先句子结构问题。对于句子结构的分析可谓语法题目中的灵魂步骤了，因为它关系着后面的代词指代，平行以及修饰等各个部分的判断，下面看题↓↓↓
1. Contemporary cognitive scientists maintain that emotions, which are biological functions, evolved in the nervous system to help animals survive in hostile environments and procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting the interpretation of emotions.
A. procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
B. procreate, and that feelings, as products of the conscious mind, reflecting
C. procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflect
D. to procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, which reflect
E. to procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
很多同学一看到这种长句子就很头疼，认为会很难，其实语法题目的难易程度和句子的长短没有关系的;其次，句子越长就越可以体现对于句子结构分析的优势。
此外，很多同学认为“分析句子结构=找主谓宾” 错，这是一个很大的误区，其实包含了句子中各个部分的功能的判断，我们以这个题目为例↓↓↓
Contemporary cognitive scientists maintain( that emotions, which are biological functions, evolved in the nervous system to help animals survive in hostile environments and procreate (生育), and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting the interpretation of emotions.)
A. procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
B. procreate, and that feelings, as products of the conscious mind, reflecting
C.procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflect
D. to procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, which reflect
E. to procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
根据对句子结构的分析发现，我们需要着重关注的就是“maintain that”从句中的内容。根据选项中的特点可以看出，DCE中and后面有“that”而 AD没有，根据已经分析好的句子结构发现需要“that”这个词保证和前面的“maintain that”并列，所以很容易的排除AD选项;再根据下一个区别点末尾 reflect 这个词的形式。因为在第二个从句中需要一个动词做谓语，所以答案很明显是C选项
通过前面整个过程可以看出，分析清楚句子结构以后很快能做出来，但是如果忽略了读句子结构的分析，那么这道题目不仅耗时而且正确率也不一定会很高，所以同学们可以通过这道题目来检验一下自己是否忽略对句子结构的分析。
其次是对句子意思的理解，根据前面提到的做题步骤来看，句子意思应该是做每一道题目最先看的部分，然而也是几乎所有同学会忽略的关键步骤，这就导致了过度关注语法，不仅耗时错误率还会很高(同学们会抱怨“读不懂怎么办?”老师只能回答“同学，你可以选择放弃考试!”)
来看题：
2. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
A. that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
B. that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
C. creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
D. to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
E. who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
你是不是一不小心就毫不犹豫的选了E，因为不是说 “从句就近修饰吗” ?那好，请同学们瞪大眼睛来看一看这个从句部分描述的意思是什么?
“that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses” 是什么东西创造力无意识的身体反应。 我一般问同学这个问题的时候他们会回答 “对啊，就是人会产生身体反应啊“。
well, 一般这个时候我会给这样的例子 “我坐在这里不会突然的大哭，大笑，这样会吓死人的，是因为我开心，所以我会笑;我伤心，所以我会哭”，大家明白了吗?“开心和伤心” 都是 “emotional reactions”, 而 “哭和笑” 属于 “psychological responses”，根据这个理论划线部分应该要修饰前面的“emotional reactions”，这样可以很容易的排除CDE，剩下AB就很明显了，因为是复数形式，所以要选A。这个题目就非常典型的不看句子意思就做题的弊端，所以同样需要同学们反思是否自己有这样的问题。
下面这个题目就是把句子结构和修饰完美结合的题目：
3. The Life and Casualty Company hopes that by increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion, that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has to use its profits and capital to pay those claims bit by bit, year by year.
A. that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has
B. enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can be paid and it will have no longer
C. it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claims and thus no longer having
D. enough has been set aside to pay for environmental claims, thus no longer having
E. it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and will no longer have
The Life and Casualty Company hopes that( by increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion, that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has to use its profits and capital to pay those claims bit by bit, year by year.)
A. that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has
B. enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can bepaid and it will have no longer
C. it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claimsand thus nolonger having
D. enough has been set aside to pay for environmental claims, thusno longer having
E. it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and will no longer have
根据句子结构的划分可以看出画线部分在定语从句中，所以A中的that 一定不能加，否则从句中就结构不完整;
其次我们来看后面四个选项开头的部分：BD为“enough”, CE 为“it”所以这个时候我们需要注意到从句里面的结构了，学过的同学能很快判断出来用蓝色标出的部分应该是一个句首doing的修饰结构，所以这时候需要考虑doing 后面句子主语是否为主动关系(敲黑板)，很明显enough并不能发出doing 的动作，而是it 指代的company，这样可以排除BD，在通过CE中“and”平行结构，可以选出E。
根据以上三个题目，同学们可以反思一下自己是否存在一样的问题，然后在重新回顾前面做错的题目而且看不懂的题目，你会发现很多问题都会迎刃而解!
教师介绍：张馨月，北京新东方GMAT语法，托福阅读老师，精英计划规划师;大学期间经历专业英语外教培训1年;并且有多年备考TOEFL和GMAT的经验，授课时常近4000小时。
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