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各位同学大家好,我跟大家聊一聊考研英语二的阅读理解部分。我这次参加的是北京电影学院的一个表演专业考试,所以我们的考题是英语二。
英语二整个考题相对是比较平稳的。这次考场特别严,考到一半的时候还会拿安检的铁棒在考生身上扫来扫去,而且中间扫了好几次,还把准考证专门翻过来看。所以没有办法,我只能通过一些记忆片段给大家稍微拼凑一下阅读理解的内容。
我不知道各位同学有没有在拿到试卷后第一件事情就写上“细节服从主旨”,哪怕我自己去考试,我的第一件事情也是在每一篇阅读理解下写细节服从主旨,我把它写了四遍,时刻提醒自己。尽管英语二相比英语一要简单一点,但如果文章真的看不太明白的时候,一定要去想它的主旨。主旨寻找方法我们都是课上讲过。
第一篇文章谈的是教育话题,这个话题考的相对少一点,但是它的主旨是比较好把握的,因为它传递了一种很明显的出题风格。
May 21, 2017 —It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?
文章开头出现一个词叫justify,它的意思是“认为什么什么是合理正当的”。
通读全文我们知道,这篇文章讲的是,现在的美国由于经济模式发生了改变,不再那么注重实际动手的能力,或者叫做practical,而是更多强调学术能力。而文章大的方向上是不好的,对这个情况持否定的态度。所以上来我先给大家把这篇文章讲的中心思想说明清楚,就是对于目前只强调理论不强调实践的这件事情,是一个否定的立场。
所以第一段你主要强调practical这个单词就可以了。然后紧接着第二段,有一道题谈到bicycle。很多同学学数学几何题的时候要么是在课桌上,desk stuck with generations(去年英语一也考过的stuck with这个词组,指的是一直处于某种状态),一边嚼口香糖一边学。无非就是告诉你,不接地气。文章同时做了一个对比,其实它完全可以再组装一个自行车的时候学习几何。所以问你举这个例子是要什么?
今天有同学问我,有没有例证题,我说有例证题,也许它不是那么明显的例证题提问方式,但是它的考查方式其实就是例证题的考查方式。就像这道题,文章举例的意思就是要告诉你,我们要更接地气,尊重实践,而不是仅仅强调学术。所以第一篇文章你把握好一个关键词就是practical,我们要接地气,要讲实践,这是最重要的。
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
文章在最后一段话里谈到,这个学校其实就是给我们敲响了一个警钟,叫wake-up call。当我们的教育变成了one-size-fits-all,这个顾名思义就是我们只关注一点,也就是只关注卷面,或者只关注academically,它将是一个危险。这个危险将会忽视到我们这个国家的多样性,diversity,各式各样的才能和天赋。所以第一篇文章我们抓住它的核心就可以。
再来看第二篇文章。
第二篇文章的关键词也相对比较好把握,就是新能源。新能源这个概念其实我们在先看题干的时候就会发现,这个概念反复被提到。
While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.
文章一开头用while表示让步,所以重点其实在后面,也就是“尽管我们的化石能源占全球能源供给的85%,但是未来使用新能源依然是大势所趋。第一段话只有一个句子,全文的中心就是新能源是大势所趋。那么后面的所有题目答案其实都是围绕新能源是大势所趋来展开的。
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years, reports the International Renewable Energy Agency.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.
首先有一道词汇题,也是近几年考的词汇题中非常简单的一道。题目中出现plummeting这个单词,修饰prices。因为下句话和上句话之间没有任何的转折词,所以它们之间是划等号的,就提示我们这个单词一定在下一句话里能够找到同义词,而不是反义词。如果是but,你很有可能需要找它的反义词。而下一句话一直在强调cost,单词题同样是细节服从主旨,下一句话的核心就是谈到cost drop,大幅下滑,包括下面也谈到它只是过去的三分之一。所以这个单词的含义指的就是有一个选项出现的falling,向下。
While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.
接下来文章又分析了原因,为什么我们的新能源是大势所趋,举了很多的例子。首先是欧洲,然后还有中国,尤其谈到中国空气污染特别严重,然后还谈到了美国的趋势,然后提到川普。
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.
But that message did not play well with many in the Hawkeye State, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
川普在这里有个逻辑解题,它谈到川普的态度用的是dismissed,表示否定的态度。他否定了风能,因为他觉得风能是一种不太稳定的能源,也就说川普背后代表的是政府的立场,所以大的话题其实讲政府对这件事情其实是不太上心的,甚至是否定的态度,但是它抵挡不过这个大的潮流所趋。
这句话出现but,表示重点在后面。也就是,尽管川普不待见新能源,但这件事情did not play well with many in the Hawkeye State,在很多的洲其实大家不介意。虽然你不喜欢,但各个洲该做什么做什么,我们仍然会把风能作为一个主要的能源。所以这道题就在强调,美国无论政府的态度什么样子,新能源都是一个大势所趋。这里还是细节服从主旨。大家会发现,所有的正确答案串联在一起其实就是全文的中心主旨。
What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
看文章最后一段话,What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.我在课上反复强调过,考研很少用government这个单词,因为在英文当中government是个非常大而全的。美国的政府其实指的是administration,只是一个行政职能部门。大的政府其实包含了立法权、行政权、司法权。这里这个Washington指的是川普,就是行政部门。无论他在推动新能源方面做与不做,这都是一个全世界的大势所趋,这也是我们整个文章的一个主题。
我们再来看第三篇文章,谈到最近几年考得特别多的信息安全,或者是个人隐私安全的问题。
The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing – Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users’ friendships and social lives.
文章开头通过一个例子,谈到有一个公司收购了另外一个互联网公司,其目的不仅仅是它有很多的连锁实体店,更多的是因为它能够购买它的客户信息。我记得第一题选的就是客户信息。
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.
然后第二题谈到Facebook脸书一反常态,没有遵守它的诺言。那出现了问题怎么办呢?有Competition law,类似于反垄断或者竞争法。题目问的是这个竞争法到底怎么样了呢?文章中But it is clumsy,说这个是可以用来解决不平衡问题的,但是大的方向上不好。这个方案它也不接地气,答案应该是无法应对快速变化的市场节奏。
The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
最后它有一个蚂蚁和农场的例子。像脸书、谷歌、IBM等这些大的互联网公司,它们和网民之间的关系其实就是网民在互联网上上网,然后无私地提供了自己的一些隐私信息,如点击习惯、点击速率,于是这些公司就把信息卖给很多的商业公司、广告公司,所以就谈到了网民和这些公司的关系就好像蚂蚁和农场的关系是一样的。这是第三篇文章。
第四篇文章没有原文,我记得讲到的是如何focus,就是如何高效地利用好我们的时间。我们的大脑要长期处于一个集中的状态,效果往往可能不太好,因为从本能上讲,要不断地切换。就好像我们听课听得很累的时候,老师可能稍微停下来给大家聊聊天,其实不是在浪费大家时间,而是为了更好地在下一阶段进入到更好的状态中。这是最后一篇文章的大致内容。
英语二整体非常平稳,因为对词汇量要求没有那么大。如果你还觉得很多单词不认识,两个原因:第一,你的词汇量实在太小了;第二,你在阅读的时候没有把握好重点。很多不认识单词其实是不重要的,通过一定的方法进行训练,做题依然是没有问题的,这些都在我们的课程中给大家讲过。
【解析教师】唐迟
【解析科目】2018考研英语阅读理解真题点评
【解析时间】12月23日17:00-20:00
【教师简介】
新东方教育科技集团考研巡讲师, 新东方考研英语阅读教师,新东方在线考研英语阅读主讲。 03年毕业于石油大学(北京),03年-07年于国企工作,07年加入南昌新东方,获得TESOL国际教师资格证。能歌善舞的小唐老师坚信,为理想而奋斗其乐无穷。
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