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2019考研初试12月22~24日进行,考研初试情况请(点击查看》》2019考研初试真题及答案解析专题),新东方网考研第一时间为考生提供是2019考研英语一整体评述解析,供大家参考!同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。教师解析专区|考研真题答案专区
2018 年12月考研英语一解析
【整体解析】
排序题是考研英语一的三大题型(即排序题、七选五、小标题——难度由难到易)中最难的一种题型,想必之前大家做2010年和2011年的试题时就明显感到了,那真可谓“山重水复疑无路”,但是2017年和2018年的排序题令我们找到了“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉,难度并不是太大,加上做题的技巧,保6冲8还是可以争取的。其实,复习过的同学想必了解,准备2020考研的同学需要知道——新题型这个题目得分的重点不在于你文章都看懂了吗、单词背了多少、语法多么擅长、会不会逐句逐字翻译,而在于你知不知道英语文章衔接过渡的手段,也就是我们在课堂上重点讲的“点”。2019年这篇新题型难度相较于前两年新题型难度明显上升,解决这篇文章排序的关键就在于逻辑关系衔接。其次,在选材方面。从2010年的欧洲餐饮批发业务的发展、2011年美国大学教育与教授的专业化趋向、2014年考古勘测的历史沿袭及现代方法,到2017年狄更斯的生平、2018年白宫建筑史,过往的话题明显呈现出平民化、通俗化的特点。同样2019年的选材也来自于生活,从心理学角度看一下“争论”这件生活中的事情,也是科普类的文章,备考2020年考研的学生可以多加注意社会科学类话题。
【试题解析】
考研英语(一)新题型
新题型原文:
A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.
C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.
D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.
E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People , Dale Carnegie wrote: “there is only one way…to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. “This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.
G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “yes,” and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.
41→42→F→43→44→C→45
试题详解:
首先浏览下各段首尾句,找出了线索信息词,A段首句These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people.可以推测出A段的上一段尾句是在讲一些工具、方法,A段末句 If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.讲的是“如果我们调整我们对辩论的看法,那我们就改变了赢一场辩论的本质。”B段首句Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. 从逻辑的角度可以推知B段的上段是在讲辩论成功,B段的末句 Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.讲的是“谦卑要求我们去意识到自己论点中的不足,并且有时也要求我们去接受反方给出的理由,”C段首句 None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. 出现了指代词this,可以推知C段上段的末句一定是不容易做到的事情。C段末句 Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.都是具体的辩论方法,刚好和A段的these tools构成指代关系,所以CA是连在一起的。D段首句 Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. 出现了Carnegie,这里要注意,不是出现全名,只是缩写,所以不能根据这个人名判断是首段,前面的段落一定有出现这个人的全名,D段的末句This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.讲的是“这类思维方式是为什么如此多的人尽力避免辩论,尤其关于政治和宗教辩论的原因。”E段首句In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People , Dale Carnegie wrote: “there is only one way…to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. 出现了 Dale Carnegie这个人的全名,所以这一段一定在D段前面,但不一定挨着。考生需要关注的是,一般出现例子、书名等,都是作为首段来引出全文主题,所以可以考虑E段有可能是首段。E段末句“This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.说的是“这种规避辩论的观点并不好。”F段首句These views of arguments also undermine reason. 出现了指代词these views,可以推知F段上一段的末句一定是关于辩论观点的,从also可以看出这些观点是不好的,可以考虑D段和E段,这两段都在讲不好的辩论观点。F段末句but they can help you win-in one way.讲的是“他们可以以一种方式帮你赢得辩论”。G段首句There is a better way to win arguments.出现了比较级better,可以推知G段上段末句一定将的是赢得辩论的方式,所以我们可以将FG放在一起。G段末句 Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.讲的是“我们能够懂得彼此的立场并且意识到我们共有的价值观。”
看完每段首尾句后,可以确定首段是E段,FG一起,CA一起,所以41是E,43是G,45是A,F段前面考虑是D或E,E肯定在D前面,所以42是D,44是B。排序题答案是EDGBA。
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2019考研公共课真题答案及解析>>免费领直播课 | |||
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2019考研专业课真题答案及解析>>免费领直播课 | |||
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法硕 | 公外日语 | 计算机 | |
教育学 | 历史学 | 心理学 | |
经济学 | 经济类联考 | 二外日语 |