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参考答案:BADCB
21. 【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词World Economic Forum定位到原文第二段Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skill” within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.意思是“WEF的一项研究在《哈佛商业评论》中进行了详细研究,发现到2022年,职位职责中平均42%的核心技能将发生变化。这是一个非常短的时间段,因此我们只能想象到在将来还会进一步发生更明显的改变。”与B选项“ an urgent demand for new job skills(对于新工作技能需求紧迫)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. an increase in full-time employment(全职工作的增加),原文并未提及全职工作
C. a steady growth of job opportunities(工作机会的增加),原文并未提及工作机会
D.a controversy about the “core skills”(核心技能的争议),原文并未提及争议问题
22. 【解题思路】本题为例证题,答案应该在例子前后的观点句中,根据关键词AT&T和第三题的定位点,可知本题答案依据应该为第三段例子前的句子For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. 意思是“对于单个公司而言,总是应该让辞退那些不再满足技能要求的工人,而将其替换为那些满足技能要求的工人。但并非总是如此。”所以AT&T的例子印证了并不是所有公司都会选择辞退工人,与A选项an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy(对于辞退策略的替代)表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
B. an immediate need for government support(迫切需要政府支持),例子所支持的观点与政府并无关联
C. the importance of staff appraisal standards (评估标准的重要性)例子所支持的观点并未提及评估标准
D. the characteristics of reskilling program(再培训项目的特征),虽然例子是印证再培训项目的实例,但是并未提及其特征
23. 【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词 Efforts、skills mismatch in Canada定位到原文第三段最后一句Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high. 意思是“在加拿大和其他地方所做的努力充其量只能说是乏善可陈,这给了我们一种情况,我们经常听到雇主甚至在失业率很高的地区却急需工人。”所以作者对于加拿大的措施评价是负面的,与D选项“have appeared to be insufficient(似乎是不充分的)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. have driven up labour costs(提高了劳动成本),原文并未提及劳动成本
B. have proved to be inconsistent(证明是不一致的),虽然也是负面评价,但文中说是乏善可陈,与不一致意思不符
C. have met with fierce opposition(遭遇了强烈反对),虽然也是负面评价,但是并未提及是否遭到强烈反对
24. 【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据题干信息可以定位置第三段,其中末句In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.意思是“举一个明显的例子,在医疗领域,疫情肆虐意味着医生、护士和其他医务人员仍然明显短缺。”与C选项“a lack of medical workers.(缺乏医疗工作者)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. a call for policy adjustment.(号召政策调整)
B. a change in hiring practices.(雇佣行为的改变)
D. a sign of economic recovery.(经济复苏的信号)
三个选项在原文均无提及。
25. 【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词Scandinavian Airlines定位到原文末段倒数第二句,意思是“航空公司要再培训一些退休工人以满足医疗工作者缺口”与B选项“Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs. (使退休工为其他工作准备就绪)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A.Great job vacancies for the unemployed.(失业者的巨大职位空缺)
C.Retrain their cabin staff for better services. (培训他们的乘务人员以获得更好的服务)
D. Finance their staff' s college education.(资助员工的大学教育)
三个选项在原文均无提及。
Text 2
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nations health. Sounds great- but how feasible is this vision?
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 percent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis. Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg--- which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.
Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
26. Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would____.
[A]a be hindered by its population growth
[B]contribute to the nations well-being
[C]become a priority of the government
[D]post a challenge to its farming industry
27. The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK
[A] farmland has been inefficiently utilised
[B] factory style production needs reforming
[C] most land is used for meat and dairy production
[D] more green fields will be converted for farming
28. Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to ____.
[A] its farming technology
[B] its dietary tradition
[C] its natural conditions
[D] its commercial interests
29. It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people____.
[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce
[B] enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
D] are trying to grow new varieties of grains
30. The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is ____.
[A] defensive
[B] doubtful
[C] tolerant
[D] optimistic
参考答案:BCCAB
26.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词self-sufficiency定位到原文第二段A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nations health. 意思是“该论点认为,回到自给自足的做法将促进农业发展,政治主权乃至整个国家的健康。”与B选项“ contribute to the nations well-being(有助于英国的良好发展)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
[A]a be hindered by its population growth(被人口增长阻碍),原文中提及人口增长是带来了农业难题,并非阻碍了自给自足的发展策略
[C]become a priority of the government(在政府中成为优先事项),原文并未提及政府
[D]post a challenge to its farming industry(对于农业提出了挑战),虽然原文后续内容针对这一策略提出了质疑,但是本题定位点对此是积极评价
27.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词University of Leeds,可定位至第三段According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. 意思是“根据英国利兹大学关于英国食品生产的报告,该国总土地面积的85%与肉类和奶制品生产有关”。与C选项most land is used for meat and dairy production(大部分土地被用来生产肉制品和奶制品)表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
[A] farmland has been inefficiently utilised(耕地未被有效利用)
[B] factory style production needs reforming(工厂式生产需要改革)
[D] more green fields will be converted for farming(更多的绿地将被改造用于耕种)
三个选项原文均未提及。
28.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词crop-growing定位到原文第四段Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields.意思是“该国只有25%的土地适合农作物种植,其中大部分已经被耕地占用。”所以国家自然条件所限,与C选项“its natural conditions(自然条件)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
[A] its farming technology(农业技术)
[B] its dietary tradition.(饮食传统)
[D] its commercial interests(商业利益)
三个选项原文均未提及
29.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据题干信息可以定位至最后一段,两句话的依靠that表示顺承的逻辑关系,Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.第一句话用数据表示英国很难供应大量的农产品,第二句话意思是“那还是在我们寻找种植谷物、糖、种子和油这些为我们提供了目前大部分卡路里摄入量的农作物之前。”说明英国难以供应农作物需求,与A选项“ rely largely on imports for fresh produce.(大量依赖新鲜农作物进口)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
[B] enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption(水果消费量稳定增长),原文并未提及消费量相关表达
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake(正在寻找减少卡路里摄入的有效方法),并未提及减少卡路里摄入
D] are trying to grow new varieties of grains(正在尝试种植谷物的新品种),并未提及新品种这一信息。
30.【解题思路】本题为态度题,原文第一次提及根据关键词Scandinavian Airlines定位到原文末段倒数第二句,意思是“航空公司要再培训一些退休工人以满足医疗工作者缺口”与B选项“Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs. (使退休工为其他工作准备就绪)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A.Great job vacancies for the unemployed.(失业者的巨大职位空缺)
C.Retrain their cabin staff for better services. (培训他们的乘务人员以获得更好的服务)
D. Finance their staff' s college education.(资助员工的大学教育)
三个选项在原文均无提及。
Text 3
When Microsoft bought task management app Wunerlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’ s own Office dominates the market for “ productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.
To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. “ They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.
Like other start-up investors, Mr Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “ I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.
Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tm, rifling through such small deals---many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise---might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies(Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years---a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.
However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.
31. What is true about Wuderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?
A. Their market values declined.
B. Their tech features improved.
C. Their engineers were retained.
D. Their products were re-priced.
32. Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to___
A. ignore public options
B. treat new tech talent unfairly
C. exaggerate their product quality
D. eliminate their potential competitors
33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might___
A. harm the national economy
B. worsen market competition
C. discourage start-up investors
D. weaken big tech companies
34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend to___
A. examine small acquisitions
B. limit Big Tech’s expansion
C. supervise start-ups operations
D. encourage research collaboration
35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition have ___
A. brought little financial pressure
B. raised few management challenges
C. set an example for future deals
D. generate considerable profits
参考答案:CDAAA
31.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词Wuderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions
定位到原文第二段Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent. 意思是“但是,在微软表示已在自己的产品中使用了它们的最佳功能之后,这两个应用程序后来都被弃用了。他们的工程师团队留下来,使他们成为了大型公司用来满足他们对技术人才永不满足的渴望的众多‘聘用人员’中的两个”。与C选项“ Their engineers were retained.(他们的工程师被留下来了)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. Their market values declined.(市场价值下降了)
B. Their tech features improved.(技术特点改善了)
D. Their products were re-priced.(产品重新定价)
三个选项原文均无提及。
32.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词Microsoft’s critics可定位至第三段To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. 意思是“对于微软的批评者来说,Wunderlist和Sunrise的命运是科技巨头毫不留情地打压任何阻碍其发展的创新公司的例子。”。与D选项 eliminate their potential competitors(清除他们潜在的竞争者)表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. ignore public options(忽视了公众选项),原文并未提及
B. treat new tech talent unfairly(不公正地对待新技术人才),原文之前说到保留并重用了工程师,所以并没有不公正对待人才
C. exaggerate their product quality(夸大产品质量),原文并未提及
三个选项原文均未提及。
33.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据关键词Paul Arnold定位到原文第四段 I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”意思是“如果我存有私心,我认为这些东西对我有好处。但是它们对美国经济有利吗?我不知道。”由but可知,从个人角度他认为这件事是好事,但是言下之意,对美国经济来说可能并不好。与A选项“ harm the national economy(伤害了国家经济)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
B. worsen market competition(恶化了市场竞争),原文并未提及Paul谈论竞争问题
C. discourage start-up investors(阻碍了创业公司投资商),原文提及这件事对于他自身是积极评价,所以可以推测出这种行为是有利于创业公司的投资商。
D. weaken big tech companies(伤害了科技巨头),由前文可知,收购小公司对于科技巨头来说肃清了潜在竞争者,并未带来伤害。
34.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据US Federal Trade Commission可以定位至第五段,The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. 意思是“美国联邦贸易委员会表示,希望找到该问题的答案。本周,它要求美国五家最有价值的科技公司提供有关过去十年中许多小规模收购的信息。”说明FTC开始着手调查小型收购行为,与A选项“ A. examine small acquisitions(调查小型收购行为)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
B. limit Big Tech’s expansion(限制科技巨头扩张)
C. supervise start-ups operations(监督初创企业运营)
D. encourage research collaboration(鼓励研究合作)
三个选项原文均为提及
35.【解题思路】本题为细节题,原文第一次提及根据关键词 five biggest tech companies定位到原倒数第二段Between them, the five companies(Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years---a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.意思是“在过去五年中,这五家公司(苹果,微软,谷歌,亚马逊和Facebook)平均每年仅花费34亿美元用于10亿美元以下的收购-与它们的巨额投资以及去年在美国超过1300亿美元的风险投资相比,这笔支出可以忽略不计。”与A选项“ brought little financial pressure (基本没有造成财务压力)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
B. raised few management challenges(提出了一些管理方面的挑战),原文并未提及提出挑战
C. set an example for future deals(为未来交易树立榜样),原文中并未表示此项行为存在积极作用
D. generate considerable profits(产生可观的利润),原文只是分析了这项做法并未造成严重的财政负担,并为谈及利润问题
Text4
We' re fairly good at judging people based on first impression, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed "thin slicing," the late psychologist NaliniAmbady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15- second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. “It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can' t remember what you' re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that.”
Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students'ratings of strawberry jams and college course aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex- when they had a lot of information to process.
Intuition' s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rule comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition an creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ( “gut feelings,""hunches," "my heart" ). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.
36. NaliniAmbaby' s study deals with
A.instructor student interaction
B.the power of people' s memory
C.the reliability of first impressions
D.People' s ability to influence others
37. In Ambaby’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants .
A.gave the rating in limited time
B.focused on specific details
C.watched shorter video clips
D. discussed with on another
38. Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that .
A.memory can be selective
B.reflection can be distracting
C.social skills must be cultivated
D.deception is difficult to detect
39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to .
A.follow your feelings
B. list your preferences
C. seek expert advice
D. collect enough data
40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Generating mew products takes time.
B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks.
C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.
D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.
【参考答案】CBBAB
36.【解题思路】本题为例证题,例子都是为了印证某种观点,根据题干中NaliniAmbaby定位至原文首段,确定其印证的观点为We' re fairly good at judging people based on first impression, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.意思是“我们非常擅长根据第一印象,从一瞥照片到五分钟互动的一小段经验来评判人们,而这种评判不仅是无关紧要的,而且是先入为主的。”所以实验目的就是针对人的第一印象进行的,与选项C“the reliability of first impressions(第一印象的可信度)”表达一致。
【错误选项分析】
A. instructor student interaction(讲师学生互动)
B.the power of people' s memory(人们记忆的力量)
D.People' s ability to influence others(人们影响他人的能力)
三个选项原文均未提及。
37.【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据题干中rating accuracy dropped定位到Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. 意思是“Ambady怀疑,商议的重点是生动而误导的线索,例如某些手势或话语,而不是让细微信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象。”与B选项“focused on specific details(关注特定细节)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A.gave the rating in limited time(在限定时间内给予评分),原文后句虽提到评分问题,但并未提及时间限制。
C.watched shorter video clips (观看较短的视频剪辑)原文并未提及视频。
D. discussed with on another(与另一人讨论),原文并未提及与他人讨论
38. 【解题思路】本题为例证题,例子都是为了印证某种观点,根据题干Judith Hall定位到第三段第二句,答案出自例子之前的观点句Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. 意为“其他研究表明,当我们依靠直觉而不是反应时,我们更容易被欺骗。”与B选项“reflection can be distracting(反应可能是使人转移注意力)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
A.memory can be selective(记忆是有选择性的),原文并未提及
C.social skills must be cultivated(社交技巧必须被培养),原文中只提到了social processing,并非社交技巧。
D.deception is difficult to detect(欺骗难以辨别),原文并未提及
39. 【解题思路】本题为细节题,根据题干making complex decisions定位原文第四段末句And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex- when they had a lot of information to process.意思是“当人们要求他们专注于自己的感受而不是细节时,人们做出的购车决策在客观上会更好,并且个人满意度会更高,但前提是该决策很复杂-当他们需要处理大量信息时。”与A选项“follow your feelings(跟随你的感受)”表述一致。
【错误选项分析】
B. list your preferences(列出您的偏好)
C. seek expert advice(征求专家意见)
D. collect enough data(收集足够的数据)
40. 【解题思路】本题属于推理题,但是英语二的推理题一般为细节型推理,可根据选项定位原文。根据最后一段Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ( “gut feelings,""hunches," "my heart" )可知,“然后评估他们使用直觉的程度(“直觉”,“预感”,“我的心”)”与B选项“Intuition may affect reflective tasks(直觉可能会影响反应性任务)”表达一致
【错误选项分析】
A. Generating new products takes time.(生成新产品需要时间)
C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.(词汇理解需要创造力)
以上两个选项原文均未提及
D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.(客观思考可以提高直观性),原文中重点阐述的是直觉的作用,与客观思考相反
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