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2021年考研英语(二)完形填空解析
新东方大学事业部沈阳中心 赵学兵
It is not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, _1_,to understand their negative consequences._2_ one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you’ll _3_see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are there carefully inspected?Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to _4_ that people who have paid? Possibly but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are _5_ . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is_6_. People complained that buses were late and in-frequent. _7_, the number of the buses and bus lanes were increased and drivers were _8_or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they _9_ hit the cyclists. If the target was changed to_10_, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more _11_ drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another _12_: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you _13_ that you can leave on flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a _14_ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two hour flight.
The _15_ of the story is simple: most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well __16__ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a _17_. Setting targets can be and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria _18_critical fac-tors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to _19_just one or even two dimensions of the objective. but also to understand how to help people better __20__ the objective.
1 [A] therefore [B] however [C] again [D] moreover
2 [A] identify [B] emphasize [C] assess [D] explain
3 [A] quickly [B] curiously [C] early [D] nearly
4 [A] claim [B] prove [C] recall [D] check
5 [A] threatened [B] ignored [C] mocked [D] blamed
6 [A] hospitality [B] punctuality [C] competition [D] innovation
7 [A] yes [B] so [C] besides [D] still
8 [A] hired [B] trained [C] grouped [D] rewarded
9 [A] also [B] only [C] rather [D] once
10 [A] comfort [B] efficiency [C] revenue [D] security
11 [A] friendly [B] quiet [C] diligent [D] cautious
12 [A] purpose [B] prejudice [C] problem [D] policy
13 [A] noticed [B] revealed [C] reported [D] admitted
14 [A] break [B] departure [C] trip [D] transfer
15 [A] background [B] morale [C] style [D] form
16 [A] interpret [B] criticize [C] tolerate [D] sacrifice
17 [A] cost [B] task [C] secret [D] product
18 [A] leading to [B] calling for [C] accounting for [D] relating to
19 [A] predict [B] specify [C] restore [D] create
20 [A] achieve [B] modify [C] review [D] present
【正确答案】
答案：BBADB BBDAC DCACC DADBA
1 答案 C however
考点：逻辑关系词
解析：根据前一句not和harder的比较级，不难推测出来这里需要一个表转折的连接词;选择however正合适。其他的逻辑关系不合适。
2答案：B
考点： 单词辨析
解析：根据上下文含义，这里用emphasize更合适。
3答案：A
考点：单词辨析
解析：只有quickly的意思最合适链接上下文;可以挨个词进行替换，找到最合适的句意的。
4答案D
考点：单词辨析+上下文分析
解析：根据上下文的关注点在inspectors，而且提到people who have paid这样的字眼，推测出这里需要一个表inspector的行为的一个动词;check正合适。
5答案：B
考点：单词辨析
解析：根据上下文，running the bus 赶车的人，并且整段一直强调公交车司机的不当行为，所以用ignored 最合适。
6答案：B
考点：单词辨析
解析：根据上文句意，发现导致公交车司机闯红灯，甩客，撞人等，都是由于punctuality「准时性」造成的。并下文中的complain也是跟punctuality有关。符合逻辑。
7答案：B
考点：逻辑关系词
解析：上文中的投诉，导致了线路增加和公交车增加的一系列结果。用so正合适。
8答案：D
考点：单词辨析
解析：根据according to the the time they took 这个下文可以知道，要么快被奖励，要么慢被惩罚，所以选择rewarded 「奖励」
9答案 A
考点：逻辑关系词
解析：上下两句中的动词都是一致的，可以看出是递进关系，用also正好合适。
10答案C
考点：单词辨析+上下文分析
解析：根据下文的pricing和tickets可以出来，这个是跟钱有关系，所以选择revenue。
11答案D
考点：单词辨析+上下文分析
解析：根据上文的security可以推断出cautious这个连带的结果。
12答案C
考点：单词辨析+语意理解
解析：下文讲述的由于要达成punctuality导致的一个问题。用problem最合适
13答案 A
考点：动词辨析
解析：套入各个动词，发现noticed最合适。
14答案 C
考点：语意理解
解析：其他的词如departure都过于片面。只有trip可以表示整个的一段旅程。
15答案B
考点：单词辨析
解析：morale 有情绪，斗志，志气等的意思，经常用于business类的文章中。根据语意，套入这个词正合适。
16答案D
考点：语意理解
解析：得到一个目的，就要牺牲其他的方面。用sacrifice牺牲最合适。
17答案A
考点：语意理解
解析：根据句子的转折关系，可以看出选择cost「成本/代价」最合适。
18答案D
考点：介词词组+语意理解
解析：leading to 导致;calling for要求;accounting for 解释;relating to与。。相关，只有D套入句子最合适。
19答案B
考点：动词辨析
解析：specify指定，用在句子中的逻辑关系最通顺。不要指定目标的一个或者两个维度。
20答案A
考点：动词辨析+语意理解
解析：宾语是goals/targets，用achieve最合适。
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