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We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.In one study of the ability she dubbed "thin slicing, the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor' s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students′ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tc count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. "It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift/ says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, "and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you" re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."
Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students* ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students werenf t asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1 information to process.Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eigh tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition ("gut feelings,""hunches" "my heart").Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.
36. Nalini Ambaby's study deals with_________
A. instructor student interaction
B.the power of people's memory
C.the reliability of first impressions
D. People's ability to influence others
37. In Ambaby's study,rating accuracy dropped when participants__________
A. gave the rating in limited time
B.focused on specific details
C. watched shorter video clips
D.discussed with on another
38. Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_
A. memory can be selective
B. reflection can be distracting
C. social skills must be cultivated
D. deception is difficult to detect
39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to
A. follow your feelings
B. list your preferences
C. seek expert advice
D. collect enough data
40.正确选项：Intuition may affect reflective tasks.
【正确答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. A 40.
【解析】
36.根据题干中的信息Nalini Ambaby's study deals with定位在原文中的第一句We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.此句为实验的目的可知C选项the reliability of first impressions 为正确选项。其中A选项指导学生互动，B选项人们记忆的力量，D选项人们影响他人的能力均与原文不符。
37.由题干中信息In Ambaby's study,rating accuracy dropped when participants定位在第二段的开头Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. 同义替换可知B选项focused on specific details 为正确选项。其中A选项在有限的时间内作出评价，C选项看更短的视频短片，D选项与其他人讨论均与原文不符。
38.根据题干中的关键信息Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that定位在It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift/ says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, "and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you" re doing.同义替换B选项reflection can be distracting 为正确选项。A选项记忆是可被选择的，C选项社会技能可以培养，D选项欺骗很难发现均与原文不符。
B. 39.由题干中的信息When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to 定位在倒数第二段第二句Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences及下文内容可知A选项follow your feelings 为正确选项。其中B选项列出你的偏好，C选项寻求专家观点，D选项收集足够多的数据均与原文不符。
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