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When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.
To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. “They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.
Like other start-up investors, Mr. Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.
Given their combined market value of more than $5.5 trillion, rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies (Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.
However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.
31. What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?
A. Their market values declined.
B. Their tech features improved.
C. Their engineers were retained.
D. Their products were re-priced.
32. Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to ___.
A. ignore public options
B. treat new tech talent unfairly
C. exaggerate their product quality
D. eliminate their potential competitors
33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might ___.
A. harm the national economy
B. worsen market competition
C. discourage start-up investors
D. weaken big tech companies
34. The US Federal Trade Commission intends to ___.
A. examine small acquisitions
B. limit Big Tech’s expansion
C. supervise start-ups operations
D. encourage research collaboration
35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisitions have ___.
A. brought little financial pressure
B. raised few management challenges
C. set an example for future deals
D. generate considerable profits
【正确答案】
31. C 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. A
【解析】
31. 根据题目中Wunderlist and Sunrise初步定位到第一段，得知二者是app，再根据after their acquisitions(它们被并购后)定位到第二段第一句“Both apps, however, were later scrapped” (但是，两个app后来被解体了)以及第二句“Their teams of engineers stayed on”(它们的工程师团队被保留了下来)，由此可知选项C 它们的工程师被保留，为其同义替换，是正确答案。选项A它们的市场价值下滑，属于无中生有，曲解了were later scrapped(后来被分解了)的意思。选项B它们的高科技元素得到了改善，属于偷换概念，第二段第一句“Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products”(微软公司说它将它们最好的元素用于了它自己的产品)，注意代词指代：it指代Microsoft，their指代two apps，即是微软公司产品的元素得到了改善，故选项B主语被偷换概念。选项D它们的产品被重新定价，文中并未提及两个app的产品及其定价，故D属于无中生有。
32. 根据题目中Microsoft’s critics和the big tech companies定位到第三段第一句“To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path.” Big Tech：大型科技公司，chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path：毁掉任何挡在它们道路上创新型公司。可知，只要对它们构成威胁或对它们不利的，就会被它们拔除。此外，下文也对此做了进一步阐述，“They bought the seedlings and closed them down,”(它们把“小苗子”买过来，然后将它们关门大吉)，“putting an end to businesses that might one day turn into competitors”(关掉了或许有一天成为其竞争对手的任何企业)， 由此可知，选项D为原文信息的同义替换，属于正确答案。选项A“忽视公共选择”，属于无中生有，选项B“不公平地对待新科技人才”，文中也未有提及，选项C “夸大它们的产品质量”，文中没有提及这些公司的产品问题。故均为干扰选项。
33. 根据题目Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might以及段落顺序可定位到第四段。Arnold提到他对把那些创业公司出售给大的科技公司这一现象五味杂陈(mixed feelings)，并提到“自私一点说，这些(收购)对我个人是有利的，但它们对美国经济是好事吗?我不知道”，由此可知，这些收购对美国经济的影响令他担忧，故选项A“伤害国家经济”，为同义替换，属正确答案。选项B“恶化市场竞争”，Arnold并未对竞争发表看法，属于无中生有，选项C“使创业公司的投资人打退堂鼓”，文中Arnold作为创业公司的投资人是尝到甜头的，与选项C意思相反，为反向干扰，选项C“削弱大科技公司”，Arnold只提到了对国家经济的担忧，对此未作评论，故为干扰选项。
34. 根据题目The US Federal Trade Commission intends to可定位到第五段第一、二句“The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade.”其中提到，美国联邦贸易委员会想要寻找答案，并向美国五家最具价值力的科技公司询问了近十年它们所进行的小型收购事宜。由此可知，美国联邦贸易委员会是想调查小型收购，故选项A为同义替换，是正确答案。选项B“限制大科技公司的扩张”，文中只是询问并购事宜，并未提到限制其扩张，属于过度推理，选项C“监管创业公司的运营”，定位下文提到the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach，即监管部门(regulators)将来有可能(prospect)会介入(wade into)初级阶段的科技市场(early-stage tech markets)，并非联邦贸易委员会会介入，故选项C属于偷换概念。选项D“鼓励研究合作”，文中未提及，属于无中生有。
35. 根据题目For the five biggest tech companies和their small acquisitions定位到第六段第二句，句中提到：在过去五年里，这五家大科技公司平均每年花在小收购上的钱only(只是)34亿美金，破折号后补充道这与他们雄厚的财政储备相比，只是九牛一毛、沧海一粟，选项A“几乎没带来经济压力”，属于其同义替换，为正确答案。选项B“几乎没有带来管理上的挑战”，选项C“为未来交易树立了榜样”，选项D“产生了巨额利润”，文中未提及这些并购对管理、未来交易、利润等的信息，均属于无中生有。
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