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Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It __1__in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then __2__ starts to slowly decline as we age. But __3__ aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the __4__ of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the __5__ that lifestyle factors might help prevent or __6__ this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that __7__ measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and __8__ that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people __9__ higher measures of abdominal fat __10__ worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years __11__.
For women, the association may be __12__ to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be __13__. It is hoped that future studies could __14__ these differences and perhaps lead to different __15__ for men and women.
__16__ there are steps you can __17__ to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental __18__. The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your __19__ of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style __20__ that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1. [A] pauses [B]returns[C] peaks[D] fades
2. [A] alternatively[B] formally [C]accidentally[D] generally
3. [A] while[B] since[C]once[D] until
4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C]consumption [D] separation
5. [A] possibility[B] decision[C]goal[D] requirement
6. [A] delay[B] ensure[C]seek[D] utilize
7. [A] modified[B] supported [C]included[D] predicted
8. [A] devoted [B] compared[C]converted [D] applied
9. [A] with [B] above[C]by[D] against
10. [A] lived[B] managed[C]scored[D] played
11. [A] ran out [B] set off[C]drew in[D] went by
12. [A] superior[B] attributable[C] parallel[D] resistant
13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C]involved [D] controlled
14. [A] alter [B] spread[C]remove[D] explain
15. [A] compensations[B] symptoms[C]demands[D] treatments
16. [A] Likewise[B] Meanwhile[C]Therefore [D] Instead
17. [A] change[B] watch[C]count[D] take
18. [A] well-being[B] process[C]formation[D] coordination
19. [A] level[B] love[C]knowledge[D] space
20. [A] design[B] routine[C]diet[D] prescription
参考答案及解析:
1. 答案 [C] peaks。上下文题,根据2空前and做判断,随着年纪增长会慢慢下降,说明年轻时水平较高,达到峰值。
2. 答案 [D] generally。 年轻时水平高,随年纪增加慢慢下降是大部分的共性,所以通常都会这样。
3. 答案 [A] while。逻辑题,本空用来连接空后两句(年纪增长是不可避免,科学家发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非如此),可判断两句之间为转关系(也可根据技巧一肯一否判断)。四个选项中只有while可用来表示转转折关系,此空位于两句最前面,表让步。
4. 答案 [B] accumulation。上下文题根据空前and判断,and前说肌肉损耗,这对身体健康会产生负面影响,后面自然也是负面影响,腹部脂肪的____, 所以选accumulation译为累积、堆积。另外9空之后提到腹部脂肪含量较高,也可间接证明脂肪的累积。
5. 答案 [A] possibility。上下文题,根据空后同位语从句内容(生活方式的因素可能会帮助我们阻碍这种下降),判断出5空是一种推断,所以选择possibility译为可能性。
6. 答案 [A] delay。上下文题,根据空前or做判断,应选择与prevent(阻碍)意思、态度相近的答案,所以选择delay译为推迟。
7. 答案 [C]included。上下文题,根据前后语意,科学家们研究了数据,这些数据_____了对超过4000位中老年人的肌肉和和腹部脂肪的测量,这些数据能拿来做研究,应该是客观的测量数据,所以包括了对他们的测量。
8. 答案 [B] compared。上下文题,根据空前and判断,二段发现肌肉含量和腹部脂肪含量都会影响流体智力的下降速度,所以科学家们做实验的目的就是为了证实这一点,他们把中老年人的肌肉和和腹部脂肪测量的数据与六年间对于流体智力变化的报告数据相比较。
9. 答案 [A] with。上下文题,科学家们证实了有着较高腹部脂肪的的中年人流体智力下降更快。
10. 答案 [C]scored。上下文题,科学家们证实了有着较高腹部脂肪的的中年人流体智力下降更快,即在流体智力方面得分较低。
11. 答案 [D] went by。词组辨析题,随着年纪增加,流体智力下降较多,即随着时间流逝(goby),runout耗尽,setoff出发、动身,drawin(白昼)渐短、吸入卷入都不符合语境。
12. 答案 [B] attributable。完形考过很多年这种行文逻辑,首段给出结论,然后做实验证实,最后解释原因,所以此段开始解释原因,女性是由于过多腹部脂肪导致免疫力变化而导致流体智力的变化。
13. 答案 [C]involved。上下文题,女性的变化是由于免疫力变化,而男性免疫系统似乎没有涉及到。
14. 答案 [D] explain。希望未来研究能解释为什么男女之间会有这种差异。
15. 答案 [D] treatments。毕竟导致的结果是流体智力下降,是较为负面的结果,因此需要解决这一问题,即给出相应的治疗方案。
16. 答案 [B] Meanwhile。逻辑题,上文希望找到治疗方案态度为正,下文有方法可以减少腹部脂肪从而改善身心态度为正,所以为顺关系,排除instead。前后同倾向,内容相似,判断为并列,排除therefore。Likewise相似的需要前后内容只做主语或宾语的改变,前后内容并非如此,所以选meanwhile与此同时。
17. 答案 [D] take。take step to do sth采取措施做某事,固定搭配。
18. 答案 [A] well-being,改善身心健康。
19. 答案 [A] level。高度推荐的生活方式是维持或增加有氧锻炼的____, 只有level(水平)符合语境。
20. 答案 [C]diet。根据最后一个词foods可推测为改善日常饮食。
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