reface

　　前言

　　The discovery of the atom and the subsequentdevelopment and utilization of nuclear energy gave anew impetus to the progress of humanity andgreatly enhanced mankind's ability to understandand shape the world. Yet, the development ofnuclear energy has associated risks and challenges.For mankind to better utilize nuclear energy andachieve even greater progress, it is necessary tomake innovations in nuclear technologies, ensure nuclear safety and do well in nuclearemergency preparedness. While nuclear safety constitutes a lifeline for the sustained andhealthy development of nuclear energy, nuclear emergency preparedness serves as animportant safeguard for its sustained and healthy development.

　　原子的发现和核能的开发利用给人类社会发展带来新的动力，极大增强人类认识世界和改造世界的能力。核能发展伴随着核安全风险和挑战。人类要更好利用核能、实现更大发展，必须创新核技术、确保核安全、做好核应急。核安全是核能事业持续健康发展的生命线，核应急是核能事业持续健康发展的重要保障。

　　Nuclear emergency preparedness denotes the emergency actions taken to control, contain andmitigate a nuclear accident, and to minimize the consequences of such accidents, which aredifferent from the normal order and working procedure. They are emergency response actionsguided by the government, assisted by the relevant enterprises, coordinated among all theinvolved parties and implemented in a unified manner. Nuclear emergency preparedness is ofparamount importance and bears on the overall situation, and is therefore of criticalsignificance to the protection of the general public, the environment and social stability aswell as safeguarding national security.

　　核应急是为了控制核事故、缓解核事故、减轻核事故后果而采取的不同于正常秩序和正常工作程序的紧急行为，是政府主导、企业配合、各方协同、统一开展的应急行动。核应急事关重大、涉及全局，对于保护公众、保护环境、保障社会稳定、维护国家安全具有重要意义。

　　China has consistently given top priority to nuclear safety in its peaceful use of nuclearenergy, and has persisted in an overall national security concept by advocating a rational,coordinated and balanced nuclear safety outlook. China has followed the approach of enhancingsafety for the sake of development and promoting development by upholding safety in anunrelenting effort to bring the dual goals of development and safety in alignment with eachother. In the past six decades or so, the Chinese people have been working with stamina anddiligence in the pursuit of nuclear energy utilization, with splendid achievements. At the sametime, the Chinese people have been sparing no effort to improve nuclear safety techniques,enforce rigorous nuclear safety supervision, strengthen nuclear emergency managementand ensure that nuclear energy has always maintained a sound safety record.

　　中国始终把核安全放在和平利用核能事业首要位置，坚持总体国家安全观，倡导理性、协调、并进的核安全观，秉持为发展求安全、以安全促发展的理念，始终追求发展和安全两个目标有机融合。半个多世纪以来，中国人民奋发图强、历尽艰辛，创建发展核能事业并取得辉煌成就。同时，不断改进核安全技术，实施严格的核安全监管，加强核应急管理，核能事业始终保持良好安全记录。

　　Nuclear accidents know no national boundaries, and everything related to nuclear emergencymanagement is too important to be taken lightly. Drawing on the lessons learned from theThree Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents, China has come to a profoundunderstanding of the utmost importance of nuclear emergencies, and the need to continuouslystrengthen and improve nuclear emergency preparedness and responses with a view toconstantly enhancing the nuclear safety safeguard level. China has made great strides in afull range of nuclear emergency-related activities, including the enactment of regulations,codes and standards, the establishment of institutional and regulatory regimes, the building-up of basic capabilities, the fostering of professional personnel, related exercises and drills,public communication, and international cooperation and exchanges. This has not onlyprovided a robust safeguard for China's own nuclear energy development, but also contributedactively to the promotionof a fair, open, collaborative and mutually beneficial internationalnuclear safety emergency framework and mankind's sharing of nuclear energy developmentachievements.

　　核事故影响无国界，核应急管理无小事。总结三哩岛核事故、切尔诺贝利核事故、福岛核事故的教训，中国更加深刻认识到核应急的极端重要性，持续加强和改进核应急准备与响应工作，不断提升中国核安全保障水平。中国在核应急法律法规标准建设、体制机制建设、基础能力建设、专业人才培养、演习演练、公众沟通、国际合作与交流等方面取得巨大进步，既为自身核能事业发展提供坚强保障，也为推动建立公平、开放、合作、共赢的国际核安全应急体系，促进人类共享核能发展成果作出积极贡献。

（编辑：何莹莹）