四、核应急能力建设与保持

　　Sticking to the guidelines of versatile compatibility, resource integration, interdisciplinarysupport, and integration of military and civilian capabilities, China builds and maintainsnational nuclear emergency capabilities commensurate with the safe and efficientdevelopment of nuclear energy, and forms a fully-fledged national system of nuclear emergencyresponse capabilities.

　　中国坚持积极兼容、资源整合、专业配套、军民融合的思路，建设并保持与核能事业安全高效发展相适应的国家核应急能力，形成有效应对核事故的国家核应急能力体系。

　　At the national level, a unified nuclear emergency response capabilities system is in place tocoordinate military and local systems whereby three distinct tiers of capabilities aremaintained, viz. national, provincial and nuclear installation operator levels, with a view topushing forward with the building of various capabilities related to nuclear emergencyresponse.

　　国家建立全国统一的核应急能力体系，部署军队和地方两个工作系统，区分国家级、省级、核设施营运单位级三个能力层次，推进核应急领域的各种力量建设。

　　Building national nuclear emergency response professional technical support centers. Chinahas built eight types of national-level nuclear emergency technical support centers, i.e.,radiation monitoring, radiation prevention, aviation monitoring, medical rescue, marineradiation monitoring, meteorological monitoring and forecasting, decision-making aid, andresponse action, along with three national-level nuclear emergency response training bases,thereby essentially forming an integrated emergency technical support and training systemfeaturing a full array of disciplines and functions, and effective support.

　　建设国家核应急专业技术支持中心。建设辐射监测、辐射防护、航空监测、医学救援、海洋辐射监测、气象监测预报、辅助决策、响应行动等8类国家级核应急专业技术支持中心以及3个国家级核应急培训基地，基本形成专业齐全、功能完备、支撑有效的核应急技术支持和培训体系。

　　Building national-level nuclear emergency rescue forces. Through efforts over many years,China has already built a specialized nuclear emergency rescue capability system that is of aproper scale, well-coordinated and of a rational layout. To cater to the needs of layout for theconstruction of nuclear power stations, on the principle of regional deployment, modular set-up and disciplinary integration, over 30 national-level professional rescue teams have beenformed to specifically take charge of various kinds of specialized rescue missions. Themilitary constitutes an important part of the national-level nuclear emergency rescue force,and fulfills the mission of aiding local nuclear accident emergency response actions, and, assuch, has scored brilliant achievements in building up its nuclear emergency responsecapabilities. To cope with possible severe nuclear accidents and on the basis of the availablecapabilities, China is to form a national nuclear emergency rescue team composed of over 300people tobe mainly responsible for undertaking unexpected rescue missions in serious nuclearaccident scenarios and emergency treatment tasks, and stand ready to take part in internationalnuclear emergency rescue operations.

　　建设国家级核应急救援力量。经过多年努力，中国形成了规模适度、功能衔接、布局合理的核应急救援专业力量体系。适应核电站建设布局需要，按照区域部署、模块设置、专业配套原则，组建30余支国家级专业救援分队，承担核事故应急处置各类专业救援任务。军队是国家级核应急救援力量的重要组成部分，担负支援地方核事故应急的职责使命，近年来核应急力量建设成效显著。为应对可能发生的严重核事故，依托现有能力基础，中国将组建一支300余人的国家核应急救援队，主要承担复杂条件下重特大核事故突击抢险和紧急处置任务，并参与国际核应急救援行动。

　　Building provincial-level nuclear emergency rescue forces. Nuclear emergency responseforces have been established at the provincial (regional and municipal) levels in areas wherenuclear power stations are sited, including nuclear emergency command centers, emergencyradiation monitoring networks, medical treatment networks, meteorological monitoringnetworks, decontamination points, evacuation roads and shelters for evacuees, along withspecialized technical support and rescue task forces, thereby basically meeting the nuclearemergency preparedness and response needs of the involved regions. Each provincial(regional and municipal) nuclear emergency command center is connected with the nuclearinstallation(s) within its jurisdiction.

　　建设省级核应急力量。中国设立核电站的省(区、市)均建立了相应的核应急力量，包括核应急指挥中心、应急辐射监测网、医学救治网、气象监测网、洗消点、撤离道路、撤离人员安置点等，以及专业技术支持能力和救援分队，基本满足本区域核应急准备与响应需要。省(区、市)核应急指挥中心与本级行政区域内核设施实现互联互通。

　　Building a nuclear emergency response force on the part of the operators of nuclearinstallations. In accordance with national requirements and following international standards,operators of nuclear installations in China have set up their own nuclear emergency responsefacilities and forces, including emergency command centers, emergency communicationfacilities, and emergency monitoring and consequence evaluation facilities. In addition,emergency facilities, equipment and instrumentation, such as emergency power supply, arein place. On-site rescue teams specializing in radiation monitoring, accident control,decontamination and cleansing have been established. Corporations controlling operators ofthe respective nuclear installations have set up a mutual support collaborative mechanism toform nuclear emergency response resource reserve and deployment assistance capabilities,thereby ensuring mutually complementary support and coordination.

　　建设核设施营运单位核应急力量。按照国家要求，参照国际标准，中国各核设施营运单位均建立相关的核应急设施及力量，包括应急指挥中心、应急通讯设施、应急监测和后果评价设施;配备应对处置紧急情况的应急电源等急需装备、设备和仪器;组建辐射监测、事故控制、去污洗消等场内核应急救援队伍。核设施营运单位所属涉核集团之间建立核应急相互支援合作机制，形成核应急资源储备和调配等支援能力，实现优势互补、相互协调。

　　In accordance with the principle of versatile compatibility and based on their respectiveduties and responsibilities, government departments at different levels in China haveestablished and reinforced their respective capability systems to serve and safeguardnuclear emergency response activities commensurate with the tasks established under theNational Nuclear Emergency Plan.

　　按照积极兼容原则，围绕各自职责，中国各级政府有关部门依据《国家核应急预案》明确的任务，分别建立并加强可服务保障核应急的能力体系。

　　In accordance with the nuclear emergency response plans worked out by the national andprovincial (regional and municipal) authorities and the operators of nuclear installations andwithin the institutional framework of the national nuclear emergency response system,various levels and categories of nuclear emergency response forces ensure unified deploymentand interactive mobilization to jointly undertake tasks associated with nuclear accidentemergency situations.

　　按照国家、相关省(区、市)和各核设施营运单位制定的核应急预案，在国家核应急体制机制框架下，各级各类核应急力量统一调配、联动使用，共同承担核事故应急处置任务。

（编辑：何莹莹）