一、确立主干

　　(1)确立主语

　　1、避免主语机械对应

　　这个地区雨比较多。

　　It rains a lot in this area.

　　2、方位词或时间词在主语位置

　　山下住着一位老妇人。

　　There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.

　　3、用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语

　　信不信是你的事。

　　It is your concern whether you believe me or not.

　　最好是等他们回来。

　　It is advisable to wait till they come back.

　　勤能补拙

　　It is diligence that makes for deficiency.

　　2、确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任。

　　在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。

　　We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.

　　当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。

　　As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.

　　二、语序调整

　　(1)定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。

　　钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。

　　Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.

　　(2)状语的位置

　　他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。

　　He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.

　　(3)汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语。

　　万一有什么困难，给我们一个信。

　　Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.

　　(4)汉英语言强弱词语的顺序不同：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。

　　救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。

　　Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.

　　一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

　　In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.

　　(5)否定的转移

　　不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。

　　All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.

　　我的朋友都不吸烟。

　　None of my friends smoke.

　　(6)习惯用法

　　衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题。

　　Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.

　　他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。

　　He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.