形容词和副词

　　I. 要点

　　A. 形容词

　　1、 形容词的用法

　　形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

　　He is honest and hardworking.

　　I found the book interesting.

　　某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：

　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

　　The English like to be with their families.

　　多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

　　冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：　the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

　　2、 形容词比较等级的形式

　　(1) 规则形式

　　一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：

　　great-greater-greatest

　　busy-busier-busiest

　　important-more important-(the)most important

　　(2) 不规则形式

　　good (well)-better-best

　　bad (ill)-worse-worst

　　many (much)-more-most

　　little-less-least

　　(3) 形容词比较等级的用法

　　①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：

　　He is cleverer than the other boys.

　　This one is more beautiful than that one.

　　②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如：

　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.

　　③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：

　　He is as tall as I.

　　I have as many books as you.

　　④ 越… 越…

　　例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.

　　⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

　　你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

　　⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.

　　那一天是最令我担心的一天。

　　I have never had a better dinner.

　　这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

　　⑦ My English is no better than yours.

　　我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

　　B.副词

　　1、 副词的种类

　　(1) 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

　　(2) 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

　　(3) 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

　　(4) 程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

　　2、 副词比较等级的用法

　　其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

　　Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

　　We must work harder.

　　3、 某些副词在用法上的区别

　　(1) already, yet, still

　　already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

　　We've already watched that film.

　　I haven't finished my homework yet.

　　He still works until late every night.

　　(2) too, as well, also, either

　　too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

　　He didn't go there either.

　　I like you as well.

　　I also went there.

　　(3) hard, hardly

　　hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

　　I work hard every day.

　　I can hardly remember that.

　　(4) late, lately

　　lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：

　　He never comes late.

　　Have you been to the museum lately?

　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

　　A high enough B tall enough

　　C enough high C enough tall

　　解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

　　A When I take more medicine

　　B The more medicine I take

　　C Taking more of the medicine

　　D More medicine taken

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".

　　"I haven't been there ____".

　　A too B also C either D neither

　　解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。

　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

　　A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。

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（实习编辑：高奕飞）