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2019全国英语等级考试三级语法知识:现在分词用法

新东方网编辑整理2019-04-18 14:30

  现在分词用法及示例:
  1.-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。如:
  Not knowing his address,I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
  His not coming made all of us angry.他没来使我们大家都很生气。
  2.-ing分词的一般式和完成式:.
  -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如:
  Being a student,he was interested in books.作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
  Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
  3.-ing分词的被动式:
  -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)。如:
  The question being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。
  They are talking about his having been criticizing by the teacher.他们正在谈论他被老师批评的事。
  Having been criticized by the teacher,he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
  注意:在need,want,require,be worth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:
  Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
  This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一看。
  4.-ing分词的语法作用
  -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
  1)–ing分词(短语)作主语:
  Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
  Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
  在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语。
  ①为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如:
  It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。
  It's a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间。
  ②在There is no结构中,通常用-ing分词。如:
  There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
  There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
  2)-ing分词(短语)作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是收集邮票。
  The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。
  3)-ing分词作宾语:
  ①–ing分词作动词宾语。如:
  I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
  We enjoy attending Miss Li's class.我们喜欢听李老师的课。
  ②--ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如:
  I'm against inviting him to dinner.我反对邀请他来吃饭。
  They don't feel like walking that much.他们不喜欢走那么多路。
  注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。如:
  I have no difficulty(in)communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
  He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。
  What can prevent us(from)getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚?
  4)-ing分词作定语:
  ①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:reading room阅览室swimming pool游泳池dining car餐车sleeping car卧车a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子the exciting news令人振奋的消息a boring speech令人乏味的演出
  ②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如:
  Who is the comrade standing by the door?站在门边的同志是谁?
  They lived in a house facing south.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
  ③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
  When she appeared,John,wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat,ran to her with joy.当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
  5)-ing分词做状语:
  -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
  1-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,可由连词when,while引出。
  While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.他一边看书,一边不时地点头。
  Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。
  ②-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
  Not knowing his address,I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
  Many of us,being so excited,couldn't go to sleep that night.因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
  ③–ing分词短语作结果状语。如:
  His father died,leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。
  She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。

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