动词虚拟语气

　　I. 要点

　　表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

　　1、 虚拟语气的构成

　　情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词

　　与现在事实相反 动词过去式 (be要用were) should

　　+动词原形

　　would

　　与过去事实相反 had +过去分词 should

　　+have+过去分词

　　would

　　与将来事实相反 1、动词过去时

　　2、should +动词原形

　　3、were to +动词原形 should

　　+动词原形

　　would

　　注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：

　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　　2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

　　(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　　(2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　　(3) 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　　(4) 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

　　We received order that the work be done at once.

　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或

　　"should +动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

　　II. 例题

　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　　解析：该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

　　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

　　A comes B came C should come D will come

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。www.examw.com

　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do

　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B。

　　更多精彩内容 >> 新东方网英语频道 

　　全国新东方英语课程搜索

（实习编辑：高奕飞）