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Damon Horowitz
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
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What others say
“Damon seems to have realized in reverse order that the horse belongs in front of the carriage -- that humanity should lead technology, not vice versa.” — Visualplant, YouTube
英语字幕
0:11
Meet Tony. He's my student. He's about my age, and he's in San Quentin State Prison. When Tony was 16 years old, one day, one moment, "It was mom's gun. Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk. He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him. Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.' My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.' I say, 'Let's do this.'" And those three words, Tony's going to remember, because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood. And that's felony murder -- 25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky, and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
0:53
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics," Tony interrupts me. "What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?I know what is wrong. I have done wrong. I am told every day, by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong. If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name. I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.' What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
1:20
So I say to Tony, "Sorry, but it's worse than you think. You think you know right and wrong? Then can you tell me what wrong is? No, don't just give me an example. I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong. What is that idea? What makes something wrong? How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree. Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong. Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions; everyone's got an opinion. We are here for knowledge. Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
1:54
And something changes for Tony. "Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong. I want to know what is wrong. I want to know what I know." What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy, the project that begins in wonder -- what Kant called "admiration and awe at the starry sky above and the moral law within." What can creatures like us know of such things? It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence -- what Heidegger called "the always already there." It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it -- what Socrates called "the examined life." Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.Socrates died in prison, his philosophy intact.
2:38
So Tony starts doing his homework. He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations, his logic, his fallacies. Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle. His body is in prison, but his mind is free. Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous, the epistemologically anxious, the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous. That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche and Bill Clinton.
2:59
So when he gives me his final paper, in which he argues that the categorical imperative is perhaps too uncompromising to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday and challenges me to tell himwhether therefore we are condemned to moral failure, I say, "I don't know. Let us think about that."Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name; it's just the two of us standing there. It is not professor and convict, it is just two minds ready to do philosophy. And I say to Tony, "Let's do this."
3:29
Thank you.
3:31
(Applause)
参考翻译
0:11
说说托尼 他是我的学生 跟我差不多年纪 他在圣昆汀州立监狱服刑 在他16岁的时候 有一天, “那是我妈的枪 拿它吓唬吓唬这人。这家伙是个刺头 他有点钱,我们拿了钱,也是给他点颜色看看。 最后一刻,我想:‘我不该这么做,这不对。’ 同伴说:‘别拖拉了,快动手!’ 我说:“动手吧!” 托尼会记住这三个字 因为他立刻听到了响声 而那个刺头躺倒在血泊里 谋杀重罪 终生监禁,运气好的话50岁能假释 但托尼似乎不太走运
0:53
我们在他监狱的哲学课碰到时 我说:“这门课我们讨论道德基础。” 托尼打断了我 “你要教我什么是是非?” 我知道什么是错的。我做过错事。 每一天我都知道 每一天我看着面前每堵墙,我知道我错了。 要是我出不去,我的名字上肯定有个污点 我是个罪犯,我的标签就是‘错误’ 你还有什么要告诉我哪些错的哪些对的?”
1:20
我跟托尼说 “抱歉,但你的情况比你以为的还糟 你以为你知道对与错? 那你能告诉我什么是错的? 不要单给我例子 我要知道错这个概念 错是什么意思? 是什么导致它是错的? 我们怎么知道一件事情是错的?也许你我意见不同 也许我们之一对错的理解是错的 也许是你也许是我-但我们不是来交换意见的谁都有自己的意见 我们是为知识而来的 我们的敌人是不思考 这是哲学。”
1:54
托尼有了改变 “也许是我错了。我不想错下去了。 我想知道什么是错 我想知道我的想法 托尼那一刻明白了哲学的概念 哲学始于探究- 康德所谓的“位我上者,灿烂星空; 道德律令,在我心中。” 人类生命能对此认知多少? 哲学的概念总是将我们带回存在的问题- 海德格尔所谓的“已然存在” 这是个质疑我们的认知及其背后理由的概念 也就是苏格拉底所说的“经过检验的生活” 苏格拉底,一个知道自己一无所知的智者 他死于狱中 但他的哲学长存于世
2:38
托尼开始思考 他去理解他的何所来何所去,他的前因后果 他的逻辑,他的谬论 托尼有哲学的领悟力 他身在监狱,但心却自由 托尼理解了本体性混杂 认识性焦虑 道德可疑性和形而上学的荒谬 分别是柏拉图,笛卡儿,尼采 和比尔・克林顿
2:59
最后他在递交给我的期末报告里 讨论了绝对命令 对处理日常生活中的冲突 也许是过于不妥协的态度 并要我告诉他 是否因此我们注定道德失灵 我说:“我不知道, 我们想想这个问题。” 那一刻,托尼的名字上没有污点 仅仅是我们两个人站在那里 不是教授和罪犯 仅仅是两个心灵探讨哲学 我对托尼说 ”动手吧!“
3:29
谢谢
3:31
(掌声)