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It's called the Great Migration—the journey of some six million African-Americans from the rural south to northern and western cities between 1910 and 1970. The cultural impact of the Great Migration has been well documented. But researchers have also started to look at its genetic implications. The most recent study finds that the migration had a significant effect on genomic diversity across the nation. That work is in the journal PLOS Genetics.
To estimate patterns of ancestry, researchers analyzed genetic data from nearly four thousand African-Americans who had participated in three medical studies.
Their findings confirmed historical records—genetic evidence showed that female slaves often gave birth to children fathered by white slaveowners. The genetic analysis found that 82.1 percent of the average African-American's ancestors came from Africa, while 16.7 percent were Europeans and 1.2 percent were Native American.
The team also could date when particular genes entered the mix. Native American genes were introduced into the typical African-American genome in the early 1600's. Genes from Europeans were for the most part introduced in the decades before and during the Civil War.
Researchers also found those still living in the southern United States have a greater percentage of African ancestry than those in the north or west. And European-Americans who now live in the south are more genetically similar to African-Americans in the north and west than they are to African-Americans currently living in the South—because Blacks with a greater percentage of European ancestry were more likely to move, especially early in the migration's history.
The analysis has implications for medical research and treatment. Most of the people in studies linking genes and disease have been white, thus potentially leaving gaps in medical information specific to other races. Filling in those gaps, along with better access to medical care, could help reduce the disparity in health experienced by many minority communities.
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It's called the Great Migration— 所谓的大迁徙是指，
the journey of some six million African-Americans from the rural south to northern and western cities between 1910 and 1970. 在1910年到1970年间，大约六百万名非裔美国人从南部农村迁移到北部和西部城市的进程。
The cultural impact of the Great Migration has been well documented. 大迁徙对人类文化的影响已经被广为记载。
But researchers have also started to look at its genetic implications. 但是研究人员已经开始研究此次迁移活动所具有的遗传学意义。
The most recent study finds that the migration had a significant effect on genomic diversity across the nation. 最新的研究结果表明，这次迁移对美国的基因多样性产生了巨大的影响。
That work is in the journal PLOS Genetics. 该研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆遗传学》期刊上。
To estimate patterns of ancestry, 为了估计祖先的基因模式，
researchers analyzed genetic data from nearly four thousand African-Americans who had participated in three medical studies. 研究人员们对曾参与过三项医学研究的约4000名非裔美国人的遗传信息数据进行了分析研究。
Their findings confirmed historical records— 他们的研究结果证实了历史记载，
genetic evidence showed that female slaves often gave birth to children fathered by white slaveowners. 遗传证据表明，女性奴隶经常孕育白人奴隶主的后代。
The genetic analysis found that 82.1 percent of the average African-American's ancestors came from Africa, 遗传分析发现，平均有82.1% 的非裔美国人的祖先来自非洲，
while 16.7 percent were Europeans and 1.2 percent were Native American. 16.7% 的祖先是欧洲人，1.2%的是美国本土人。
The team also could date when particular genes entered the mix. 研究团队也可以推定特定基因进入混合基因组的时间。
Native American genes were introduced into the typical African-American genome in the early 1600's. 17世纪初，美国本土基因进入了典型的非裔美国人的基因组。
Genes from Europeans were for the most part introduced in the decades before and during the Civil War. 而欧洲人的基因大部分是在在美国内战前和内战期间引入的。
Researchers also found those still living in the southern United States have a greater percentage of African ancestry than those in the north or west. 研究人员还发现，与居住在美国北部和西部的人相比，那些仍住在美国南部的人基因中的非洲血统成分更多。
And European-Americans who now live in the south are more genetically similar to African-Americans in the north and west than they are to African-Americans currently living in the South— 与目前生活在南部的非洲裔美国人相比，现在生活在南部的欧裔美国人与生活在北部和西部的非裔美国人的遗传基因更为相似，
because Blacks with a greater percentage of European ancestry were more likely to move, 因为拥有更大比例欧洲血统的黑人更有可能转移生活地，
especially early in the migration's history. 在大迁移历史记录的早期阶段尤其如此。
The analysis has implications for medical research and treatment. 这项遗传分析对医学研究和治疗具有重要意义。
Most of the people in studies linking genes and disease have been white, 参与关联基因和疾病研究的多数是白人，
thus potentially leaving gaps in medical information specific to other races. 这就使其他人种的医疗信息留下了空白。
Filling in those gaps, along with better access to medical care, 填补上这些空白并提供更好的医疗护理，
could help reduce the disparity in health experienced by many minority communities. 将会有助于减少很多少数族裔地区的健康差异。
以上是新东方网为大家带来的2020托福听力练习：大迁徙导致遗传多样性（下载），希望认真积极的备考，早日取得优异的成绩。更多内容请随时关注新东方网!
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