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新东方网为大家带来2020托福听力练习：沥青路自主融冰技术（下载），希望对大家有所帮助!更多内容请随时关注新东方网!
Every winter some 20 million tons of salt are dumped on America's roads.
The sodium chloride melts ice or prevents its formation, helping to prevent accidents.
But road salt has its downsides.
"This is actually not very economical, because salt is mainly corrosive."
Seda Kizilel, a chemical engineer at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey.
She says salt's corrosive effects don't discriminate—they affect "vehicles and also nature, plants, microorganisms."
So Kizilel and her colleagues designed a road substance that can de-ice itself.
They started with a polymer called SBS, commonly added to strengthen asphalt.
They whipped up an emulsion of SBS with potassium formate,
an alternative salt that's been studied as a more environmentally friendly de-icer than regular road salt.
Then they added that emulsion to bitumen-the sticky black stuff in asphalt.
They subjected their creation and regular bitumen to the winter weather conditions that typically lead to black ice.
Turns out the hybrid compound delayed ice formation 10 minutes longer than the control.
And the samples continued releasing salt for more than two months.
The study is in the journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.
Of course, 10 minutes of de-icing is a nice head start—but it's not going to put salt truck drivers out of business.
"But we're saying that, during the first 10 to 15 minutes, when the road becomes very icy, this material and this release of salt from this functional bitumen is going to be very useful and potentially eliminate many accidents on the roads."
The next step, she says, is to pave a test surface and drive on it-to literally see what happens when the rubber meets the road.
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Every winter some 20 million tons of salt are dumped on America's roads. 每年冬天在美国的高速公路上会撒约2000万吨的盐。
The sodium chloride melts ice or prevents its formation, helping to prevent accidents. 因为盐能够将冰融化及阻碍冰形成，而且有助于减少事故发生。
But road salt has its downsides. 但这种道路用盐也存在着弊端。
This is actually not very economical, because salt is mainly corrosive. 并不经济，因为盐具有腐蚀作用。”
Seda Kizilel, a chemical engineer at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey. 土耳其伊斯坦堡科克大学的化学工程师赛达克赛尔说道。
She says salt's corrosive effects don't discriminate-they affectvehicles and also nature, plants, microorganisms. 她表示盐的腐蚀作用不容小觑-会对车辆、自然、植物及微生物造成影响。
So Kizilel and her colleagues designed a road substance that can de-ice itself. 因此克赛尔和她的同事们设计出可以自主融冰的公路材料。
They started with a polymer called SBS, commonly added to strengthen asphalt. 她们首先从一种名为SBS的聚合物开始，这种物质通常用于增强沥青。
They whipped up an emulsion of SBS with potassium formate, 她们将SBS的乳状液同甲酸钾混合搅拌。
an alternative salt that's been studied as a more environmentally friendly de-icer than regular road salt. 而甲酸钾是一种对环境影响较小，能够替代盐的物质。
Then they added that emulsion to bitumen-the sticky black stuff in asphalt. 然后她们把这种乳状物加入到沥青中的黑色粘性物质柏油中。
They subjected their creation and regular bitumen to the winter weather conditions that typically lead to black ice. 而后这种添加新物质的复合物同普通柏油都被放置在冬季天气环境条件下进行对比试验。
Turns out the hybrid compound delayed ice formation 10 minutes longer than the control. 结果显示，相比普通柏油，这种新的复合物需要多10分钟的时间才能形成冰。
And the samples continued releasing salt for more than two months. 而未来2个月的试验中，样本中的复合物还能不间断的释出盐类。
The study is in the journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 这项研究已在《工业与工程化学研究》杂志上发表。
Of course, 10 minutes of de-icing is a nice head start-but it's not going to put salt truck drivers out of business. 当然，将冰的形成时间延长10分钟是一个很好的开始-但这并不意味撒盐融冰将退出历史舞台。
But we're saying that, during the first 10 to 15 minutes, when the road becomes very icy, 我们是说在开始的10至15分钟内，当路面开始结冰，
this material and this release of salt from this functional bitumen is going to be very useful and potentially eliminate many accidents on the roads. 这种材料的沥青及从中释放出的盐类能够消除避免许多路面的事故。
The next step, she says, is to pave a test surface and drive on it-to literally see what happens when the rubber meets the road. 她表示下一步就是要在一小块路面上铺设这种材料并在上面驾驶进行实际试验，验证橡胶与路面接触会发生什么。
以上是新东方网为大家带来的2020托福听力练习：沥青路自主融冰技术（下载），希望认真积极的备考，早日取得优异的成绩。更多内容请随时关注新东方网!
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