学习如何提高阅读能力和记忆力，是学生在学校和日常生活中取得成功的关键。但是，对于那些在阅读和语言理解方面感到吃力的学生来说，具备良好的理解力，准确定位某些文字，就颇具挑战了。幸运的是，这些挑战并非不可逾越。教师、家长、学生可运用一些阅读技巧来提高学生的阅读能力和学业水平。

　　1.Use Pre-Reading Tasks to Improve Reading Comprehension

　　1.完成读前任务，提高理解力

　　Take action before you even crack open a book, article, or other text. If the piece covers a historical event, for example, ask yourself what you already know about this topic. Try to recall as much information as you can. Think about related issues you've studied in the past. Take a few minutes to jot your thoughts down or share them with others. When you've finished, you'll have a head start on processing the information to come.

　　在阅读某部著作、某篇文章或其他文本之前，你需要提前做一些准备。例如，假定这篇文章涵盖某一历史事件，那么，问问自己对该主题究竟了解多少。此外，尽可能多地回忆与之有关的信息。思考之前学习过的相关问题。接着，花几分钟时间把这些内容记录下来或与他人分享这些信息。完成后，便为接下来阅读做了良好的准备。

　　2.Research the Topic before You Begin

　　2.阅读前研究标题

　　Background information typically appears on the covers or backs of books as well as on the inner flaps of book jackets. Also, many books include introductory sections and brief biographies of the authors. Book publisher’s websites may include background information as well. Don't hesitate to put it to use. As you read the information, ask the following questions:

　　What kind of text is this?

　　What new information did I learn, and what do I expect to learn?

　　Is this text informative or entertaining, fact, or fiction?

　　What interests me about this book?

　　书籍的封页、背面以及护封的内页通常含有背景信息的介绍。此外，许多书都有引言以及作者简介这两部分。当然，图书出版商的网站也许也会出现相关背景信息。要积极利用这些信息，不要犹豫。阅读信息时，思考以下问题：

　　本篇属于何种文本类型?

　　我学到了什么新内容?接下来，我期待学到什么?

　　本篇具有教育性还是娱乐性?真实还是虚构?

　　这本书有哪些地方吸引我?

　　3.Learn New Vocabulary Words

　　3.学习新词汇

　　As you read, make a list of unfamiliar vocabulary words. Look up the meanings of the words in the dictionary, and copy down definitions by hand. Don't type the meanings of the words or simply read them. Handwriting the meanings are much more likely to help you retain the definition.

　　阅读时，列出不熟悉的单词。翻阅字典，查找释义，然后抄写这些定义。不要输入释义，也不要只是看看而已。要想长久记忆，手抄释义作用更大。

　　4.Reflect on the Material and Ask Questions

　　4.反思材料并提出问题

　　What questions come to mind while reading? Continue with the text to find the answers. You can think about the questions and answers or note them on scrap paper. Research indicates that writing notes by hand can increase the comprehension and recall of students without writing-related learning disabilities. Students who do have learning disabilities in writing mechanics should pair their handwritten notes with discussions about the material to improve their understanding and recall.

　　在阅读过程中，你会产生哪些问题?带着疑问继续阅读以寻得答案。期间，可以一边思考一边将疑问及答案写在便条上。研究证明，对于那些在写作方面没有压力的学生来说，手抄笔记可以增加他们的理解力和记忆力。而那些对学习写作感到吃力的学生，应该将手抄笔记与讨论材料的方法相结合，以提高理解力和记忆力。

　　5.Test Yourself to Measure Your Mastery of the Material

　　5.测试自己对材料的掌握程度

　　After your reading session, quiz yourself on the main points. What was the main idea? Who are the characters in the story? What information did you learn? Jot down your thoughts in your own words to help you remember them and give you deeper insight into the topic. If expressive writing is difficult for you, jot shorter notes and discuss the reading with a friend or parent.

　　阅读讲习结束后，对要点进行测试。思考材料的主要内容是什么?故事有哪些角色?自己学到了什么?然后将这些想法用自己的话记录下来。这样，不仅便于自己记忆，而且有助于深化自己对该话题的理解。若你对写作感到吃力，可以略记一些内容，还可以与朋友或同伴就阅读的内容展开讨论。

（编辑：何莹莹）