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Passage 2
These days, nobody needs cook. Families grazed on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170billion, five times the country’s film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a “major” kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodelling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a “minor” improvement cost on average $18,000.
Exclusively, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000- 155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: “You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.”
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle class wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated class. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Roman’s Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris-Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife’s daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick’s central idea, that “stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely”, inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schutter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen.
51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?
A) It is where housewives display their cooking skills.
B) It is where the family entertains important guests.
C) It has become something odd in a modern house.
D) It is regarded as the center of a modern home.
52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?
A) It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.
B) No duplicate is to be found in any other place.
C) It is manufactured by a famous British company.
D) No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.
53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?
A) Improved living conditions. C) Technological progress.
C) Women’s elevated status. D) Social change.
54. What does the Beecher sisters’ idea of a kitchen?
A) A place where women could work more efficiently.
B) A place where high technology could be applied.
C) A place of interest to the education people.
D) A place to experiment with new ideas.
55. What do we learn about today’s kitchen?
A) It represent the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life.
B) Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.
C) It has been transformed beyond recognition.
D) Many of its functions have changes greatly.
【试题解析】
51.D解析：根据“the kitchen of today”及顺序原则定位到第一段的“Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.”，题干的the kitchen of today与“the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house”，对应，其中today同义替换为modern，与D答案吻合“It is regarded as the center of a modern home.”
52.B解析：根据“Georgian-style kitchen“ 找到第三段的“offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000- 155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. ”，再根据“sell at a very high price ”定位到“Its big selling point”，并且同义替换了，那么答案在“Its big selling point” is that nobody else will have it: “You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.”，这句话中is 后面解释了价格高的原因，且结构是A:B，A与B的意思一致，表达的“You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world“，独一无二，故答案是B”No duplicate is to be found in any other place.“。
53.D 解析：根据“change in the status of the kitchen reflect“定位到了第四段”The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change.“，定位比较隐含。”这句话中是由“once“到”modern“，体现了题干中的”change“，题干中的“reflects”同义替换成“tells”，故答案是D social change。
54.A 解析：根据题干关键词定位在第五段 “the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order”， 从这一句可以看出Beecher sister对厨房的观点与women 和 efficiency有关，因此选择A.
55.B 解析：上一题定位在第五段，根据顺序出题原则，这一题的答案应该会在最后一段，从 “It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen”，这句可以得出20世纪20年代的许多厨房的中心元素依然存在在今天。因此答案选择B.
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