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四级综合点评 |
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六级听力 |
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2016年6月18日的大学英语四六级考试正式拉开序幕，新东方网四六级频道第一时间为广大考生带来四六级考试真题答案以及解析，届时新东方多位知名教师也将第一时间对此次四六级考试相关真题做出详细解析，敬请广大考生密切关注新东方网四六级频道以及2016年6月英语四六级真题解析专题。
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卷一
Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A)attendance B)consequently C)current D)depressing
E)dropping F)essential G)feasible H)flow
I)mood J)mutually K)particularly L)performance
M)review N)survive O)tend
26. O
解析：tend本句缺少谓语动词，主语为children, 且为一般现在时，句子应用动词原形且要与to搭配，选O。
27. M
解析：review空前为冠词和介词，空处选名词，根据分类三个名词均不符合句意，review既有名词也有动词词性，名词意为“回顾”。
28. L
解析：performance前为形容词，空处选择名词，选L。
29. K
解析：particularly句子完整，位置不在名词前，考查副词，选K。
30. N
解析：survive前有to, 选动词原形，根据句意，选N。
31. E
解析：dropping逗号后句子完整，考查非谓语，depressing或dropping, 根据句意，选E。
32. J
解析：mutually句子完整考查形容词或副词，空后为形容词，故填副词，根据句意选J。
33. H
解析：flow 结合语意“血液流到大脑”，应填动词flow。
34. F
解析：essential 前为are, 后面有to, 搭配be essential to。
35. I
解析：mood前为动词，and并列，后有stress。
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?
[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.
[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”
[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36。E
37。 L
38。B
39。 H
40。N
41。 J
42。 F
43。 C
44。 I
45。 G
仔细阅读
Passage one: Driverless Car
46. D
47.A
48.B
49.A
50.C
Passage Two: Pre-industrial Europe
51.C
52.B
53.D
54.B
55.A
卷二
Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children _____(27)every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and roost older people do not feel __ ___(28).
About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have _ ____(29)contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.
However, __ ___(30)having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be __ ___(31), however, as ill health often makes older people more _ ____(32)and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, __ ___(33)spirits.
Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious ___ __(34)they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can ___ __(35)cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, ___ _(36)are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.
A.abandoned B.advanced C.biased D.chances
E.commitment F.dampens G.dependent H.distant
I.frequent J.fulfillment K.grant L.merely M.provide
N.understandably O.unrealistically
26. provide
解析：本空应该填一个谓语动词，备选项中符合条件的只有grant和provide，而grant是授予、承认，用在这里语义予不合逻辑，所以只能选provide。provide sth to sb 提供给某人某物，也可以说provide sb with sth.
27. abandoned
解析：从语法看，本空应该填一个形容词来做feel的表语，备选项中有六个形容词;再看语义，父母不和孩子生活在一起也不会感到被抛弃，所以应该选abandoned。
28. frequent
解析：从语法来看，本空仍然要填一个形容词，have____ contact with，结合语义应该用frequent。
29. merely
解析：从语法上看这个空格所在的句子主干完整，因此句首应该填个副词，从备选项中的副词进行选择，再结合上下文语义应该用merely。
30. biased
解析：这个空格处应该填写个形容词，从语义上来说填biased更恰当，表明这个研究可能是片面的。
31. dependent
解析：先利用语法知识，将答案锁定在形容词中，再看哪些形容词还没有被选过;再看空格之后的and thereby表结果;and thereby之后的内容是与增加与家人的交往;and之前应该是疾病使得老人变得没那么独立。这里形成了一套因果关系，因为疾病使老人变得需要依靠，从而增加了老人与家人的交流。
32. dampens
解析：根据语法这里需要一个谓语动词，而且是一个单三的动词，符合条件的只有dampens，而且dampens spirits 和上一句的have the lowest spirits形成了衔接。
33. commitment
解析：空格应该填个名词，religious commitment 宗教信仰，其他名词填写到这里不合符语义逻辑。
34. understandably
解析：从语法上看，空格所在句子主干结构完整，因此本空只能是填个副词做状语。这句话的意思是：对于这些事情的分歧会引发父母与子女之间的问题，这也是可以理解的。
35. chances
解析：从语法角度来看，这里只能填写名词;且chances are that …… 是固定搭配，意为 ……是有可能的。
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
[A] Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
[B] The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. "There is no expiration(失效)date on wisdom," he says "There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these day, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry(诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today."
Examine your life
[C] Soupies, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy-Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule-examine your life-is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. "The Greek are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions(信念)," he says. "So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships."
Stop worrying about what you can not control
[D] As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. "The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher His name is Epictetus, "he says." And what the Stoics say in general is simply this. There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimerisions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan."
[E]So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. "I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example." He says. "I mean, there are some cautious steps. I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasterful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control."
Seek true pleasure
[F]To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle-a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great-most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. "Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend." Soupios says. "Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poctic image that Aristotle offers."
[G]In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures-advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence(放纵)and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
[H]"This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans." Soupios says. "This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in mental and spiritual, which was identified by these people as the gighest form of happiness and pleasure."
Do good to others
[I]Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous(发迹的)fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships. Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
[J]"This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer," Soupios says. "Hesiod offers an idea-which you very often find in some of the word's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam an others-that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritual wound."
[K]Instead, Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No.10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
[L]"This is Aesop, the fabulist(寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships." He says. "I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being. One can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to you good deed. At the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment."
[M]Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
36.D
37. B
38. F
39. A
40.L
41. H
42. C
43. K
44. B
45. J
仔细阅读
46.D
【解析】It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat.
47.A
48.B
49.A
此题的问题太宽泛，只能根据选项，结合文章，进行取舍。C项是“具有创造力的”，美国平 等式的、自由、宽松的教育方式，鼓励学生培养独立分析、解决问题的能力，这样培养出来的学生势必多具有“创造力”，符合事实
50.C
首先快速通读全文(注意主题句)，可知文章主 要谈论的是“创造力的含义及其三个方面的表现”，整篇文章都是围绕创造力展开的。现在来分析选项
51.C
52.B
本题可用排除法。根据第一段可知创造力的含 义是“使事物产生”，“致使事物存在”。而它三个方面的表现可参考“短文大意”
53.D
此题的解答需要在理解文章大意及细节基础上进行。选项B意为“创造力在一定程度上取决于非凡的洞察力。”根据最后一段，可知这是一种“天赋”，故正确
54.B
先找有关细节。此问题涉及到对文章第三段最 后一句的理解。作者认为“获得新思想并不意味着就能够将其付诸实践，暗含“知易行难”的意义。这样，我们就可对 选项进行分析选弃了。
55A
卷三
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the_____(27)popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become_____(28)on computers throughout the day, and desktops-which keep doctors from besides-are_____(29)giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, "something had to_____(30), and that was always face time with patients," says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped_____(31)a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so_____(32)that all internal-medicine program adopted the same_____(33)in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats_____(34)with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and_____(35)a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
A.dependent B.designed C.fast D.flying
E.gained F.give G.growing H.launch I.policy
J.prospect K.rather L.reliable M.signal N.successful O.treatments
26. G
解析：本空应该填一个谓语动词，备选项中符合条件的只有grant和provide，而grant是授予、承认，用在这里语义予不合逻辑，所以只能选provide。provide sth to sb 提供给某人某物，也可以说provide sb with sth.
27. A
解析：从语法看，本空应该填一个形容词来做feel的表语，备选项中有六个形容词;再看语义，父母不和孩子生活在一起也不会感到被抛弃，所以应该选abandoned。
28. C
解析：从语法来看，本空仍然要填一个形容词，have____ contact with，结合语义应该用frequent。
29. F
解析：从语法上看这个空格所在的句子主干完整，因此句首应该填个副词，从备选项中的副词进行选择，再结合上下文语义应该用merely。
30. H
解析：这个空格处应该填写个形容词，从语义上来说填biased更恰当，表明这个研究可能是片面的。
31. N
解析：先利用语法知识，将答案锁定在形容词中，再看哪些形容词还没有被选过;再看空格之后的and thereby表结果;and thereby之后的内容是与增加与家人的交往;and之前应该是疾病使得老人变得没那么独立。这里形成了一套因果关系，因为疾病使老人变得需要依靠，从而增加了老人与家人的交流。
32. I
解析：根据语法这里需要一个谓语动词，而且是一个单三的动词，符合条件的只有dampens，而且dampens spirits 和上一句的have the lowest spirits形成了衔接。
33.B
解析：空格应该填个名词，religious commitment 宗教信仰，其他名词填写到这里不合符语义逻辑。
34. O
解析：从语法上看，空格所在句子主干结构完整，因此本空只能是填个副词做状语。这句话的意思是：对于这些事情的分歧会引发父母与子女之间的问题，这也是可以理解的。
35. E
解析：从语法角度来看，这里只能填写名词;且chances are that …… 是固定搭配，意为 ……是有可能的。
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees(难民), threatening political stability everywhere.
[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security——has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets. I recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and com prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven——drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.
[F]In contrast, recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion(转向)of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
[G]As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
[H]What about supply? The three environmental trends——the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables(地下水位)in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers——China, India and the U.S.
[I]As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.
[J]As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
[K]In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
[L]Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
[M]For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
36.F
37.K
38.C
39.L
40.B
41.H
42.M
43.J
44. L
45G
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