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Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期待他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。
The full name of a Han Chinese consists of the family name and the given name. The characteristic of a Chinese name is always that the given name follows the family name. For thousands of years, the family name of the father has passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not rare that a kid takes the family name of his mother nowadays. Generally speaking, the given name is made up of one or two characters, standing for parents’ wishes for their children. We can conclude what characteristics parents wish their children to have or what kind of life parents expect their children to lead from children’s names. Parents attach much importance to naming their children because names often accompany children all their life.
● 由……组成：consist of/ be made up of/be composed of
● “中文姓名的特点”后不是单个名词而是一句话，因此后接that构成表语从句，“姓总是在前，名跟在其后”，可以直接整合为“名在姓的后面”或“姓在名的前面”
● “千百年来”，译为“For thousands of years”，后接现在完成时态
● “世代相传”译为“pass on from generation to generation”
● “……并不罕见”采用主语从句，it作形式主语，“it is + 形容词+ that” ，“it is not rare that ...”
● “一般来说”，译为“generally speaking”
● “名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望”为多动句，选取“有”作为主要动词，其真实含义为“由……组成”，而“承载”采取非谓语形式，进一步译为“standing for...”
● “推断出”相当于“由……推断出……”，可以译为“conclude/infer sth. from sth.”
● “父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期待他们过什么样的生活”这两部分作“推断”的宾语，因此处理为what引导的宾语从句。
● 重视：pay attention to/ attach importance to/ place emphasis on
● 取名：name, 动词可以表示“命名”
● “因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生”，原因状语从句，由“because”引导，“伴随”可译为“accompany”。
中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
参考译文：
Family values in China are related to cultural traditions. Harmonious big families used to be very admirable for everyone, and it was not uncommon for four generations to live together in the past. Owing to this tradition, many young people continued to live with their parents after marriage. Today, this convention is changing. With the improvement of housing conditions, a growing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. However, they still remain in a close connection. A host of senior citizens still help to look after their grandchildren, and the young couples also visit their parents in their spare time, especially during important holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.
● 家庭观念：family values
● 与……相关 be related to ; have connection with; be bound up with
● 第二、三、四句注意时态：一般过去式
● 四代同堂:意义翻译出来即可
● 所在句子Four generations living together is not uncommon in the past; (非谓语做主语)或者 it is not rare for four generation to live together in the past. (it作形式主语)
● 随着: 可用as 引导的时间状语从句(as housing conditions improves)，也可用介词结构with…(with the improvement of housing conditions;with housing conditions improving )
● 传统： tradition/ convention
● 由于 due to; because of;
● 越来越多： more and more; an increasing number of; a growing number of
● 他们联系密切;他们有密切的联系
● The relationship/connection between them remain close/intimate.
或者they remain/are in a close/intimate relationship/connection.
● 老年人：elderly people; senior citizens
● 帮忙做 help do sth. 或者 help to do sth.
● 照顾： look after; take care of
● 抽时间探望：两个动词 find some time to visit…; visit… in one’s spare time
● 春节: the Spring Festival
● 中秋节： the Mid-Autumn Festival
中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。
Chinese families attach great importance to children’s education. Many parents believe that they should work hard so as to ensure their children to receive a good education. They are not only willing to invest for children’s education, but also spend much time in urging their children to learn. Most parents hope their children to be admitted to a noted university. Because of the reform and opening-up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or to attend international exchange programs in order to broaden their visions. By these efforts, they expect their children to grow healthily and make contributions to the development and prosperity of our country.
● 重视：pay attention to/ attach importance to/ place emphasis on
● “许多父母认为……”后为句子，因此构成宾语从句，认为可译为“think/believe/consider”。
● “确保”可译为“ensure/guarantee”，此处句中两个动词，“工作”和“确保”，后者处理为目的状语，可直接处理为to do 不定式，或者添加“in order to”或“so as to”。
● “应该努力学习”，此处虽为宾语从句，但缺少主语，因此可增添主语“they”，代指父母。
● “不仅……而且……”，“not only... but also...”，此句处理为并列句。
● “情愿”可译为“be willing to”
● “花时间做某事”，可译为“spend some time on sth.”或“spend some time in doing sth. ”。
● “督促他们学习”对应固定搭配“urge sb. to do sth.”，译为“urge them to study/learn”
● “上”名牌大学等于“被名牌大学录取”，“上”不可直译，可译为“go to a famous university”或“be admitted to a famous university”。“著名的”可译为“famous/noted/remarkable”等。
● 由于：because of/ owing to
● 改革开放：the reform and opening-up
● 越来越多的：more and more; an increasing number of; a growing number of
● 国外学习：study abroad
● “参加”国际交流项目，“参加”可以译为“attend/take part in/ participate”
● “……让其拓宽视野”，此多动句中，主要动词为“送”和“参加”并列，“拓宽”处理为to do 不定式，作目的状语。
● 期望某人做某事：expect sb. to do sth.
● 做贡献：make contributions to sth.
● 繁荣：prosperity
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