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2020年7月四级第一套听力解析
新东方长春大学社学习与发展中心 陆颜铭
Section A News Item 1
A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that [1] reveal the effects of pollution from ships. One of the photos shows the thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of North Atlantic cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. [1] NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic blow. when ships power their ways through the ocean, they pump exhausts into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place, as from the exhausts of the ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space, these clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometers from end to end, NASA officials said. [2] It’s likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect over global climate, according to NASA officials. But scientists are not yet sure what effects it has.
本篇新闻的主要内容是美国航天局的人造卫星拍下了揭露船只污染的照片。通过照片，可以看出在船只往来的地方会出现厚重的云层，这是由于船只在行驶中的废气排放逐渐聚集成云层。美国航天局方宣称这种污染云可能对全球气候有影响。
Q1: What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by a NASA satellite?
答案：【B】ship traffic in the Atlantic.
第1题没有考察新闻常见的主旨题，而是考察原因。问题是什么造成了照片中厚重的云层?关于云层的成因，文中提到了两次：一次是新闻第一句话effects of pollution from ships以及文中的ship traffic，都明确指向是船只造成的污染。
Q2: What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?
答案：【C】They may be affecting the world’s climate.
第1题在考过原因之后，第2题考察的是结果或影响。在新闻中，官方人士的发言会伴随着考点出现，因此，在新闻的结尾，NASA的官方说these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate，表示此类云层可能会影响全球气候。正确选项中简单将global climate转换成选项的world’s climate。
Section A News Item 2
Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. [3] More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife. "A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7pm until 12am, but that had stopped suddenly on Monday,” employees said. One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. [4] However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents, "We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases, we have seen bad behavior, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store."
本篇新闻的主要内容是墨尔本的某家郊区超市的保安岗位被撤销，该超市的工作人员表示没有保安他们感到自己的工作不安全。他们在工作中，常常会遭受来自于顾客的身体攻击以及言语辱骂，甚至有顾客威胁要用刀袭击超市主管，因此他们联名请求永久保安。超市方表示这种顾客行为其实非常罕见，他们会采取强硬举措去处理此类事件，包括禁止顾客入店。
Q3: For what purpose, did the staff at the supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?
答案：【D】To call for a permanent security guard.
解析：本题答案与原文试听一致，原词对应。问题是超市员工签联名信的目的是什么? 正确答案的出题点伴随着50 workers这个数字出现，当听力文章中出现数字往往紧跟着会出现同义转换的内容，本题甚至没有转换，直接听到D选项原词作答即可。联名信的目的是要求永久保安。
Q4: What did the spokesman of the supermarket say, regarding the employees' demand?
答案：【C】It had already taken strong action.
解析：第4题考察点与第2题非常类似，都是在新闻中引入了第三方的话术，并问他们说了什么。问题是针对员工的需求，超市的发言人是怎么说的?答案是经典的转折词后是重点，在However之后，答案与原文试听一致，对应原词the store had taken strong action。此处需要注意的是针对员工申请安保的需求，超市方并没有正面进行回应，因此答案与上文的内容无关，不要妄加推论。
Section A News Item 3
[5] Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle, tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway. [6] A track carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lames. The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly hardening chocolate which quickly covered the width of the road. While the drives was taken to hospital with the broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road. A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that [7] removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow. After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighter resorted to spraying hot, pressurized ice water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the clean-up spanned more than a mile because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the clean-up were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?
新闻三是一篇社会新闻，在通往波兰首都华沙的路上，出现了不同寻常的道路障碍物：成吨的液体巧克力洒满了高速公路。究其原因是，一辆满载糖果的卡车撞上了路障并翻车，堵住了两条车道。该卡车司机的手臂受伤并被送往医院，随后，消防员赶到现场处理巧克力路面，在联络了巧克力制造商后，他们通过喷射高温热水来除掉路面的粘性物。
Q5: What did drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?
答案: 【A】The road was blocked.
解析：第5题设置的考点是新闻标志化的主旨题，答案直接出现在第一句。问题是高速路上的司机发现了什么?直接听第一句话的内容进行试听一致的选择，found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle，发现道路被堵住了。
Q6: What does the report say about the accident?
答案：【A】A truck hit a barrier and overturned.
解析：第6题的问题非常模糊，问的是关于这场事故的报道是怎么说的?答案并不难，直接在新闻第二句话给出了原词A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned，卡车撞上了路障翻车了，直接和选项对应。本道题最大的难点，也是近几年听力非常喜欢设置的考点：上下句分别对应两道题的答案，不设置同义转换，但是考生一旦在第5题耽搁时间久一点，第6题答案就直接错过了。
Q7: What did the representative for the firefighters say?(本道题无问题音频，根据答案推导)
答案：【B】It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.
解析：第7题是标准的理解型题目，要通过原文的意思做引申，出题点和2、4题相似，同样是官方人士的发言。消防员方表示removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow，即处理这些巧克力很困难，句子并不难理解，但是做答案的选项并没有直接给出chocolate这个词，而是用上下文提到的spilled洒出的、substance物质替代了原文中的chocolate，做同义转换。
Section B Conversation 1
Man: Lisa, why did you pay for you meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?
Woman: Well, I’ve gone back to cash. I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. [8] I’m trying to save money for a new phone, and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.
Man: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out to the bank and put it into wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.
Woman: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. [9] I believe we have less connection with the value of our money, when we just tap the approve buttons on our phones.
Man: You might have a point, since I stop carrying cash around, and start to using my phone apps to pay, [10] I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.
Woman: That’s highly possible, think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands, and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.
Man: So, cash is the payment affects our ability to budget?
Woman: I believe so. If we spend a hundred Yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred Yuan to spend on something else. But if we spend in electronically, we’re less likely to make that mental calculation.
Man: [11] I stopped using my credit card because I’m fond of spending excessively. Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.
Woman: It’s worth considering.
第一篇长对话正符合当下电子支付热潮下的情境。对话中的男生对于女生为什么不用软件支付，而使用现金感到疑惑;女生说自己在存钱买新手机，而现金支付会帮助自己攒钱。男生表示钱就是钱，和支付方式有关吗?女生解释说这是一个心理上的因素，软件支付的方式会使得人们对于金钱的概念变弱。男生此时表示赞同，因为自己在使用软件支付之后经常会买一些无用的东西，或许应该考虑重新用现金支付了。
Q8: Why did the woman decide to go back to cash for payment?
答案：【B】She wanted to save for a new phone.
解析：第8题问的是女生重新使用电子支付的原因。其实就是对于整个对话的解释说明，因为长对话开头男生问的就是女生为什么不使用软件支付，女生解释因为自己想存钱买手机。
Q9: What happens when people use apps for payment according to the woman?
答案：【B】They are less aware of the value of their money.
解析：第9题也是类似于解释说明的题目，男生的疑问是攒钱和软件或现金支付有什么关联。女生再次进行了一个解释，I believe we have less connection with the value of our money，本道题是标准的半转换+半原词的考核方式，动词部分同义替换，名词短语出现的原词。
Q10: What might the man tend to buy with payment apps?
答案：【D】More non-essential things.
解析：第10题考察的是选项名词短语与原文的完整且一致，当男生理解女生所说的软件支付与现金支付的区别，表示自己在使用支付软件以后，buy more small or non-essential items, item的意思是物品，与选项中的things做替换。
Q11: What does the man think of electronic payment?
答案：【A】It may lead to excessive spending.
解析：长对话的开头和结尾都容易成为出题点，针对本道题所提到的现金和软件支付，在对话的结尾给出了一句结论。男生说自己停用信用卡because I’m fond of spending excessively，信用卡就是电子支付的一种类型，那么由此可推论出，电子支付会导致过度花销。
Section B Conversation 2
W: Hello Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table, is that right?
M: No, no, the table is fine. The problem is the chairs.
W: Oh, the chairs, so, what exactly is the issue?
M: Well, put simply, [12] these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must be some confusion with our order.
W: Oh, I see. I’m looking through my files now. And I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct?
M: Yes.
W: [13] Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?
M: Sure. These have a flat back with a round top and very heavy. They are light brown and look kind of cheap. The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.
W: Right. Of course. It says here you purchased the Arlington table and four Milano chairs. As you said. There must be some confusion with the order. I’m terribly sorry. [14] We’ll send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased. Will tomorrow 9 a.m. be ok Mr. Brown?
M: Yes. That would be great. Thank you.
W: Good. Did everything else you ordered from us arrive ok?
M: Yes. I think so. Let me check. The mirror and two paintings are here. The two coffee tables are also here. And the sofa. Yes. We haven’t noticed anything else wrong or missing. But if we do, we’ll certainly let you know.
W: OK. Great. Once again. [15] I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.
本篇内容来自于顾客和家具商的电话内容。男顾客表示今早送来的家具中，椅子并不是自己订购的款式，希望女方核实一下订单。经查实，确实是椅子发错货了，女人表示会立刻安排货车取回发错的货物并送上正确的订单商品，并体贴地询问男顾客其他商品是否有什么问题。
Q12: Why did the man call the woman?
答案：【B】He had a problem with the furniture delivered.
解析：第12题的是长对话的目的。根据选项预判，四个选项都提到了家具的话题，当听到文章开头的table、chair，可知本道题是将文章与选项的furniture进行了同义转换，接着男顾客说The problem is the chairs，也就是凳子的家具订单出了问题，核心词problem对上，即可做选择。
Q13: What did the woman ask the man to do?
答案：【D】Describe the furniture he received.
解析：本篇题目一定要注意听问题，因为文中提到了两个与选项附和的内容，一个是【D】Describe the furniture he received，女人让男顾客描述一下收到的椅子;在确认订单确实出错之后，提出会安排货车collect those four部分符合【B】collect the furniture he ordered,。而问题问的是女人让男人做什么，答案选D。
Q14: What did the woman promise to do for the man?
答案：【C】Correct their mistakes.
解析：第14题问的其实是问题的解决办法，订单送错了，那么如何解决呢?本题是原文的含义理解题，女人说，We’ll send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased，会安排货车取回发错的货物并送上男人购买的商品，与选项Correct their mistakes 改正错误做了一个含义理解的替换。
Q15: What did the woman do at the end of the conversation?
答案：【D】She apologized to the man once more.
解析：正如刚刚对11题的分析，长对话的结尾同样设置了考点。在男女最后两轮对话中，女人不仅安排重新送货上门，还问男顾客其他的商品是否完好，并在文章最后，女子提到，I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused。
Section C Passage One
Do you have too much stuff? Are you dare we say it “I am tidy”? [16] Say hello to a TV show called “Tidying Up with Marie Kondo”, a home improvement show based on her widely popular book The Life Changing Magic of Tidying Up. In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting their houses to share the wisdom of the "KonMari" method. This method is simple in theory but can be endlessly complex in practice. You divide all the stuff in your house – all of it – into several categories, and then examine each item -- all of them – [17] to see if it sparks joy. If it does, you keep it. If it doesn't, you thank it, and neatly discard it.
So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up? Firsthand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used good stores. One store received thousands of bags of used possessions in one day. January is usually the store’s slow season for donations, because it's cold and people don't want to bother. But not this January. People seemed determined to clean up their homes. [18] One used bookstore received a month's worth of books in donations in a week when a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home. It seems Marie’s TV show is having a big impact after all.
篇章一介绍了一档电视节目，该节目中主持人Marie Kondo会去拜访那些放置物品杂乱无章的人，并分享自己的整理小技巧，即将所有的物品分类，并选择将使得你快乐的物品保留，其余的扔掉。针对于该节目是否真的有作用，本文作者认为确实对人们的生活有很大的影响，它带来了一大波捐赠热潮，很多人会将对自己无用的物品捐掉，甚至二手书店也收到了来自一位男士的五十箱书。
Q16: What is Maire Kondo’s TV show about?
答案：【A】Tidying up one’s home.
解析：第16题问的是Maire Kondo的电视节目关于什么主题，在文章的开头，引入该节目的名称时就可以直接对应选项答案，“Tidying Up with Marie Kondo”, 该节目教人们如何tidy up收拾东西，并在下文提到Maire会visiting their houses，上下关联可知这台电视节目就是收拾家里杂七杂八的物品。
Q17: What things can be kept in one’s home, according to Maire Kondo?
答案：【C】Things that make one happy.
解析：第17题是本文的一个难题，文章中没有明确的出题信号词，且做了同义转换，要求对文章内容有把握才能选对正确答案。Maire的做法是让人们去examine each item to see if it sparks joy.检查每一样物品是否还能激发快乐，joy与选项的happy做了同义转换。
Q18: What do we learn about one used bookstore this January?
答案：【B】It received an incredibly large number of donated books.
解析：当文章中出现数字时往往伴随着同义转换的考点，所以当文章中出现a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home一男子向二手书店捐出了50箱书，此处的50 boxes of books与选项large number of books大量的书做了转换。
Section C Passage 2
At just twelve years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community — one lunch at a time. “Mike’s Lunches of Love” has fed more than 2,000 of the town’s most vulnerable residents. [19] Mike delivers meals to the homeless. “It’s like a way to give people joy, maybe spark something in them that can change them,” Mike told WBZ-TV. The mayor of Mike’s town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news. While his father commented on how proud he was of his son, yet Mike isn’t looking for praise, but kindness in return. [20] He hopes his active charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns. Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag. His message and star power has spread all over the country. To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than 44,000 dollars and counting, raising more than 17,000 dollars in just one day, with the hope of many famous actors and others. [21] People from all over the county are sending special handcraft bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need. Many are hoping the simple active kindness spreads. Mike is seemed as the hope for the future of the town, the country and the world.
这是一篇人物叙述类的篇章，讲的是一位年仅12岁的男孩Mike Hannon，向镇上2000名无家可归的居民提供了爱心午餐。该镇镇长对于Mike的行为表示高度赞扬，Mike的父亲也为自己的儿子感到骄傲，不过Mike表示自己并不是为了这些称赞，而是希望善意能得到传递。截止到今日，Mike的网络筹资已达到44,000美元，整个国家的人们也纷纷给Mike送去手工袋子。
Q19: What does Mike Hannah do to help people in his town?
答案：【A】Give free meals to the homeless.
解析：既然本文的开头引入这位12岁的男孩Mike Hannah，肯定会问这个男孩做了什么。文章的第2句话，“Mike’s Lunches of Love” has fed more than 2,000 of the town’s most vulnerable residents. ，本句话的重点是lunches of love爱心午餐，既然是爱心午餐必然是免费的，因此选项给出的答案是free meals, 同时，紧接着的下句话说delivers meals to the homeless，再次精确了答案的内容，因此选【A】。
Q20: What does Mike hope others will do?
答案：【C】Follow his example.
解析：本道题是文章理解题，在出现了镇上和父亲的称赞之后，出现了转折词Yet，之后陈述了Mike行为的真实目的，but kindness in return以及 He hopes his active charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns.，也就是Mike爱心午餐的目的是希望善意能得到传递，他的行为可以影响其他人，总结出来是答案【C】Follow his example，Mike希望其他人像他一样帮助关爱他人。
Q21: How are people all over country responding to what Mike is doing?
答案：【B】Sending him hand-made bags.
解析：相比于第20题，21题答案相对简单，其他的人们被Mike的行为所感动sending special handcrafted bags，此处的handcrafted手工制作的和选项里的home-made做同义转换，其他词未发生改变。
Section C Passage 3
In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smart phones, [22] two groups of college students were given word-search puzzles. The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants' smart phones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with the equipment in the experiment and would need be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second group's solving of the puzzles, the experiment called one of the phones and let it ring for a while before hanging up. [23] Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.
Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. [24] Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in amount of sleep, which lead to poor health and weight gain.
Technology is a great tool. [25] However, it's important to recognize its downsides. Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity, and weight gain are only a few. If we are not careful about all these mind problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.
篇章三是实验科普类文章，文章开头陈述实验：将大学生分成两组进行字谜游戏，一组的手机在视线范围内;另一组的手机被移出远离实验区域。实验过程中，实验人员拨打二组的其中一部电话，伴随着铃声响起，二组的参与者明显无法集中注意力并变得焦虑。根据该实验可得出的结论是，手机这类电子设备的使用对于人们的人际交往、学业成绩、身体健康都有不良影响。科技固然有好处，但是我们也应该认清它的缺陷并注意这些问题。
Q22: What were the college students in both groups required to do in the study?
答案：【D】To solve word search puzzles.
解析：文章第一句引入In a recent study，紧接着具体陈述了实验的内容，two groups of college students were given word-search puzzles，需要两组大学完成word-search puzzles, 选项动词与文章做同义转换，宾语名词部分保留原词，按照试听一致做选择即可。
Q23: What do we learn about many of the students in the second test group after the phone ring?
答案：【A】They could no longer concentrate on their task.
解析：第23题难度较大，针对文章内容做了同义转换，本文要研究的是手机这类电子设备对于人们的不良影响，因此当第二组的实验参与者听到手机铃声却无法拿到手机时，Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on，许多学生难以集中注意力，原文中的unable to focus对应选项里的no longer concentrate。
Q24: According to the passage, what is the most dramatic impact of smart phone use?
答案：【D】A reduction in the amount of sleep.
解析：第24题文章中设置了【B】A decline in academic performance的陷阱选项，因为文章也同样列举了手机的使用对于学习成绩的影响：Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in amount of sleep, which lead to poor health and weight gain.。究其考点，关于智能电话对于人们的不良影响列举了很多条，最高级一定优先做答案，因此当听到文章出现最高级the most dramatic impact is the reduction in amount of sleep，可以不听问题直接选做答案。
Q25: What does the speaker suggest people do?
答案：【B】Realize the disruptive effects of technology.
解析：本道题目出现在转折词However之后做同义转换，However, it's important to recognize its downsides，最大的难点在于句中的recognize承认、认出以及downsides缺点，如果这两个单词不认识，很难选出正确答案。文中的意思是要意识到科技的缺点，对应【B】选项的要意识到科技的破坏性的影响。
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